Depression management and antiretroviral treatment outcome among people living with HIV in Northwest and East regions of Cameroon

Table 5 The association of various potential risk-factors with poor adherence at baseline (N = 346)

Model covariates	Unadjusted		Adjusted
Model covariates	OR (95% CI)	p	aOR (95% CI)	p
Has moderate to severe depressive symptoms?^a		0.086		0.012
Yes	2.1 (0.9–4.92)		5.5 (1.45–20.93)
No	1		1
Age group		0.027		0.195
Adolescent (< 20 yrs)	7.22 (1.59–32.91)	0.011	4.75 (0.67–33.54)	0.118
Adult (20–50 yrs)	1.3 (0.52–3.25)	0.572	0.96 (0.32–2.92)	0.941
Elderly adult (> 50 yrs)	1		1
Sex		0.29		0.213
Female	0.7 (0.36–1.36)		0.6 (0.27–1.34)
Male	1		1
Level of knowledge on health status		0.03		0.966
Basic knowledge on HIV and treatment	2.43 (1.09–5.43)		1.02 (0.38–2.77)
Extensive knowledge on HIV and treatment	1		1
HIV status disclosure		0.078		0.452
No, to none of them	3.79 (1.18–12.14)	0.025	2.42 (0.61–9.58)	0.208
Yes, to some of them	2.93 (0.99–8.72)	0.053	1.95 (0.53–7.13)	0.311
Yes, to all of them	1		1
Qualify relationship with caregiver		< 0.001		< 0.001
More than just medical	0.14 (0.06–0.32)	< 0.001	0.08 (0.02–0.28)	< 0.001
Not only medical but not quite good	0.22 (0.06–0.76)	0.017	0.26 (0.06–1.08)	0.064
Strictly medical	1		1
Time to reach treatment center		0.008		0.108
Less than 30 min	0.31 (0.13–0.76)	0.011	0.38 (0.13–1.11)	0.078
30 min to 2 h	0.25 (0.1–0.62)	0.003	0.33 (0.11–1.01)	0.05
More than 2 h	1		1

NB: adjusted model includes all variables shown and was additionally adjusted for Efavirenz-based regimen at start, reported undesired drug effect and study site as all three were potential confounding factors of the observed association between depression and poor adherence
^aVariable of interest adjusted for other variables worth noting and variables related to it in the multivariate model

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