Table 1 Endorsement of sexual behavior stigma items administered to cisgender men who have sex with men in Mexico, 2017
Item | Description (stigma type) | Response options | EFA sample (n = 7841) n (%) | CFA sample (n = 7840) n (%) | Total sample (N = 15,681) n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Have you ever felt excluded from family activities because you have sex with men? (perceived) | Yes | 1666 (21.2) | 1634 (20.8) | 3300 (21.0) |
No | 5373 (68.5) | 5447 (69.5) | 10,820 (69.0) | ||
Unknown | 802 (10.2) | 759 (9.7) | 1561 (10.0) | ||
2 | Have you ever felt that family members have made discriminatory remarks or gossiped about you because you have sex with men? (perceived) | Yes | 3190 (40.7) | 3260 (41.6) | 6450 (41.1) |
No | 3848 (49.1) | 3806 (48.5) | 7654 (48.8) | ||
Unknown | 803 (10.2) | 774 (9.9) | 1577 (10.1) | ||
3 | Have you ever felt rejected by your friends because you have sex with men? (perceived) | Yes | 1515 (19.3) | 1536 (19.6) | 3051 (19.5) |
No | 5896 (75.2) | 5860 (74.7) | 11,756 (75.0) | ||
Unknown | 430 (5.5) | 444 (5.7) | 874 (5.6) | ||
4 | Have you ever felt afraid to go to healthcare services because you worry someone may learn you have sex with men? (anticipated) | Yes | 1733 (22.1) | 1777 (22.7) | 3510 (22.4) |
No | 5873 (74.9) | 5813 (74.1) | 11,686 (74.5) | ||
Unknown | 235 (3.0) | 250 (3.2) | 485 (3.1) | ||
5 | Have you ever avoided going to healthcare services because you worry someone may learn you have sex with men? (anticipated) | Yes | 1226 (15.6) | 1241 (15.8) | 2467 (15.7) |
No | 6401 (81.6) | 6378 (81.4) | 12,779 (81.5) | ||
Unknown | 214 (2.7) | 221 (2.8) | 435 (2.8) | ||
6 | Have you ever felt that you were not treated well in a health center because someone knew that you have sex with men? (perceived) | Yes | 650 (8.3) | 643 (8.2) | 1293 (8.2) |
No | 6542 (83.4) | 6546 (83.5) | 13,088 (83.5) | ||
Unknown | 649 (8.3) | 651 (8.3) | 1300 (8.3) | ||
7 | Have you ever heard healthcare providers gossiping about you (talking about you) because you have sex with men? (enacted) | Yes | 622 (7.9) | 595 (7.6) | 1217 (7.8) |
No | 6621 (84.4) | 6616 (84.4) | 13,237 (84.4) | ||
Unknown | 598 (7.6) | 629 (8.0) | 1227 (7.8) | ||
8 | Have you ever felt that the police refused to protect you because you have sex with men? (perceived) | Yes | 1151 (14.7) | 1153 (14.7) | 2304 (14.7) |
No | 5649 (72.0) | 5620 (71.7) | 11,269 (71.9) | ||
Unknown | 1041 (13.3) | 1067 (13.6) | 2108 (13.4) | ||
9 | Have you ever felt scared to be in public places because you have sex with men? (anticipated) | Yes | 1888 (24.1) | 1868 (23.8) | 3756 (24.0) |
No | 5576 (71.1) | 5582 (71.2) | 11,158 (71.2) | ||
Unknown | 377 (4.8) | 390 (5.0) | 767 (4.9) | ||
10 | Have you ever been verbally harassed and felt it was because you have sex with men? (enacted) | Yes | 3670 (46.8) | 3585 (45.7) | 7255 (46.3) |
No | 3867 (49.3) | 3938 (50.2) | 7805 (49.8) | ||
Unknown | 304 (3.9) | 317 (4.0) | 621 (4.0) | ||
11 | Have you ever been blackmailed by someone because you have sex with men? (enacted) | Yes | 1352 (17.2) | 1313 (16.7) | 2665 (17.0) |
No | 6273 (80.0) | 6305 (80.4) | 12,578 (80.2) | ||
Unknown | 216 (2.8) | 222 (2.8) | 438 (2.8) | ||
12 | Has someone ever physically hurt you (pushed, shoved, slapped, hit, kicked, choked or otherwise physically hurt you)? [AND] Do you believe any of these experiences of physical violence was/were related to the fact that you have sex with men? (enacted) | Yes | 1249 (15.9) | 1238 (15.8) | 2487 (15.9) |
No | 6356 (81.1) | 6359 (81.1) | 12,715 (81.1) | ||
Unknown | 236 (3.0) | 243 (3.1) | 479 (3.1) | ||
13 | Have you ever been forced to have sex when you did not want to (by forced, I mean physically forced, coerced to have sex, or penetrated with an object, when you did not want to)? [AND] Do you believe any of these experiences of sexual violence were related to the fact that you have sex with men? (enacted) | Yes | 534 (6.8) | 546 (7.0) | 1080 (6.9) |
No | 6913 (88.2) | 6901 (88.0) | 13,814 (88.1) | ||
Unknown | 394 (5.0) | 393 (5.0) | 787 (5.0) |