Table 3 Spatiotemporal methods used in studies included

Visualization

58

Rate map

57

[7, 8, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 84, 85, 86]

Kernel density map

4

[23, 45, 53, 66]

Excess hazard map

2

[18, 58]

Spatially smoothed percentile map

1

[18]

Continuous distribution map

1

[18]

Relative risk map

1

[67]

Cluster (Hotspot) Detection

54

Moran’s I statistic

41

[7, 8, 18, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 45, 47, 49, 50, 54, 55, 56, 59, 62, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 75, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 86]

Kulldorff space–time scan statistic

26

[7, 18, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 35, 40, 42, 43, 45, 46, 49, 50, 55, 61, 65, 67, 69, 73, 74, 75, 76, 79, 83]

LISA cluster map

24

[7, 8, 18, 21, 22, 26, 29, 33, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 45, 47, 49, 55, 56, 59, 69, 70, 73, 74, 75]

Getis-Ord Gi* statistic

18

[21, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 49, 53, 56, 62, 65, 66, 68, 73, 74, 75, 77, 80]

K-nearest neighbor test

2

[18, 21]

Standard deviation elliptical analysis

2

[66, 81]

Optimized/emerging hot spot analysis

2

[83, 84]

Average nearest neighbor distance method

1

[23]

Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise

1

[23]

Spatial exploration

10

Hierarchical cluster analysis

3

[52, 82, 86]

Bayesian hierarchical model

2

[54, 58]

Spatial Markov chain model

2

[83, 84]

Spearman rank correlation analysis method

1

[75]

Empirical orthogonal function analysis

1

[30]

Fréchet distance approach

1

[25]

Spatial/Spatio-temporal modelling

29

GWR

7

[20, 46, 62, 68, 72, 73, 78]

Poisson regression

6

[24, 42, 46, 61, 63, 72]

Geographical detector method

4

[8, 25, 29, 85]

Bayesian spatial model

3

[22, 51, 63]

Linear regression

3

[55, 64, 71]

Lasso regression

2

[58, 73]

GLM

2

[57, 72]

BRT

2

[43, 57]

SDM

2

[83, 84]

GAM

1

[70]

Logistic regression

1

[37]

Granger causality analysis

1

[24]

Cochran-Armitage trend test

1

[55]

Kruskal–Wallis test

1

[42]

Ecological niche model

1

[7]

GMM

1

[60]