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Table 4 Multivariate analysis of independent predictors of inpatient mortality and resource utilization among COVID-positive patients

From: The impact of variants and vaccination on the mortality and resource utilization of hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Outcome

Predictor

Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

p

Inpatient mortality

Age, per year

1.039 (1.033–1.046)

< 0.0001

Male sex (ref: female)

1.51 (1.26–1.81)

< 0.0001

Morbid obesity

1.99 (1.44–2.76)

< 0.0001

ECI, per 1 point

1.06 (1.05–1.07)

< 0.0001

Vaccinated

0.47 (0.34–0.65)

< 0.0001

Delta (ref: pre-delta)

0.89 (0.64–1.23)

0.47

Omicron (ref: pre-omicron)

0.61 (0.45–0.82)

0.0010

Outcome

Predictor

Beta ± SEa

p

Length of inpatient stay, days

Age, per year

0.009 ± 0.007

0.21

Male sex (ref: female)

1.85 ± 0.24

< 0.0001

Morbid obesity

1.09 ± 0.44

0.0126

ECI, per 1 point

0.245 ± 0.012

< 0.0001

Vaccinated

− 1.97 ± 0.41

< 0.0001

Delta (ref: pre-delta)

0.49 ± 0.42

0.24

Omicron (ref: pre-omicron)

− 2.20 ± 0.39

< 0.0001

Outcome

Predictor

Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

p

Admission to ICU

Age, per year

0.999 (0.996–1.003)

0.75

Male sex (ref: female)

1.71 (1.52–1.91)

< 0.0001

Morbid obesity

1.62 (1.33–1.97)

< 0.0001

ECI, per 1 point

1.045 (1.039–1.051)

< 0.0001

Vaccinated

0.69 (0.55–0.86)

0.0009

Delta (ref: pre-delta)

0.53 (0.43–0.65)

< 0.0001

Omicron (ref: pre-omicron)

0.32 (0.26–0.39)

< 0.0001

Mechanical ventilation

Age, per year

0.991 (0.986–0.996)

0.0005

Male sex (ref: female)

1.84 (1.56–2.17)

< 0.0001

Morbid obesity

1.55 (1.18–2.04)

0.0018

ECI, per 1 point

1.070 (1.063–1.078)

< 0.0001

Vaccinated

0.57 (0.43–0.77)

0.0002

Delta (ref: pre-delta)

1.15 (0.88–1.50)

0.31

Omicron (ref: pre-omicron)

0.50 (0.38–0.66)

< 0.0001

  1. ECI Elixhauser’s comorbidity index, OR odds ratio
  2. aLogistic (for binary outcomes) or generalized linear (for continuous outcomes) regression model