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Table 1 Comparison clinical and FDG PET/CT characteristics between HIV-infected patients with malignant lymphoma and those with inflammatory lymphadenopathy

From: Clinical features and 18F-FDG PET/CT for distinguishing of malignant lymphoma from inflammatory lymphadenopathy in HIV-infected patients

Characteristics

Malignant lymphoma (n = 37)

Inflammatory lymphadenopathy (n = 22)

P

Sex, n (%)

 Male/female

33 (89.2%)/4 (10.8%)

19 (86.4%)/3 (13.6%)

0.751

Median age (y)

43 (26–75)

42.5 (23–74)

0.714

Presenting syndrome, n (%)

 Fever (> 38℃)

12 (32.4%)

12 (54.5%)

0.109

 Fatigue

6 (16.2%)

8 (36.4%)

0.114

 Cough

5 (13.5%)

9 (40.9%)

0.055

 Weight loss

14 (37.8%)

10 (45.5%)

0.789

 Nausea and vomiting

3 (8.1%)

2 (9.1%)

1.000

 Night sweats

3 (8.1%)

2 (9.1%)

1.000

 Local pain

15 (40.5%)

6 (27.3%)

0.402

KPS, median (interquartile range)

80 (40–90)

90 (70–90)

0.015*

ECOG, n (%)

0.013*

 0/1

23 (62.2%)

19 (86.4%)

0.074

 2/3

14 (37.8%)

3 (13.6%)

0.074

 4/5

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

NA

Duration of HIV infection (months), median (interquartile range)

3 (0–96)

7 (0–108)

0.303

Duration of anti-HIV therapy (months), median (interquartile range)

2(0–96)

6 (0–108)

0.193

WHO clinical stage of HIV on admission, n (%)

0.844

 I

16 (43.2%)

8 (36.4%)

0.785

 II

3 (8.1%)

3 (13.6%)

0.666

 III

9 (24.3%)

6 (13.6%)

1.000

 IV

9(24.3%)

5 (22.7%)

0.748

Laboratory examination, median (interquartile range)

 White cell count (10E9/L)

4.6 (0.5–35.9)

3.5 (1.9–8.6)

0.218

  N (10E9/L)

2.4 (0.30–7.7)

1.8 (1.1–6.9)

0.707

  L (10E9/L)

1.1 (0.1–2.4)

0.7 (0.2–1.8)

0.014*

 Platelet count (10E9/L)

148.0 (14.0–429.0)

3.2 (2.2–5.0)

0.563

 Red-cell count(10E9/L)

3.70 (2.06–5.43)

198.0 (36.0–414.0)

0.121

 Hematocrit (%)

33.9 (18.5–44.9)

31.3 (21.9–44.5)

0.462

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

116.0 (63.0–158.0)

110.1 (65.0–152.0)

0.533

 C-reactive protein (mg/L)

18.3 (0–218.8)

28.2 (0.6–125.2)

0.304

 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/H)

21.0 (2.0–105.0)

29.0 (3.0–117.0)

0.779

 Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)

465 (134–8396)

218 (139–876)

0.010*

 Ferritin (ng/mL)

398.8 (7.4–40,000.0)

534.9 (66.8–3524.0)

0.385

  CD4 (cells/μL)

128 (4–714)

137 (10–399)

0.910

  CD4/CD8

0.25 (0.01–0.87)

0.28 (0.02–1.47)

0.255

 T-spot (+), n (%)

3 (8.1%)

8 (36.4%)

0.013*

 EBV (+), n (%)

22 (59.4%)

9 (40.9%)

0.189

Numbers of lymph node involved areas median (interquartile range)

6 (1–11)

3 (1–9)

0.006*

Maximum diameter of lymph nodes (cm), median (interquartile range)

4.0 (1.0–19.1)

1.8 (1.1–5.8)

0.001*

Morphological features of lymph nodes, n%

 Fusion

17 (45.9%)

3 (13.6%)

0.021

 Necrosis

4 (10.8%)

6 (27.3%)

0.152

 Calcification

0 (0%)

2 (9.1%)

0.135

FDG accumulation in extra-lymphatic organs, n%

31 (83.8%)

12 (54.5%)

0.000*

 Bone marrow

16 (43.2%)

4 (18.2%)

0.098

 Spleen

10 (27.0%)

9 (9.1%)

0.388

 Digestive tract

11 (29.7%)

0 (0%)

0.004*

 Waldeyer’s ring

13 (35.1%)

2 (9.1%)

0.033*

 Liver

11 (29.7%)

1 (4.5%)

0.053

 Nasal and sinuses

3 (8.1%)

0 (0%)

1.000

 Pancreas

3 (8.1%)

1 (4.5%)

1.000

 Adrenal

3 (8.1%)

0 (0%)

0.286

 Skin

2 (5.4%)

0 (0%)

0.524

 Peritoneum

2 (5.4%)

0 (0%)

0.524

 CNS

1 (2.7%)

0 (0%)

1.000

SUV measurement, median (interquartile range)

 SUVLN

18.5 (3.6–32.0)

5.2 (1.3–22.6)

0.000*

 SUVMarrow

3.1 (1.3–21.8)

3.2 (1.6–8.2)

0.002*

 SUVSpleen

2.4 (1.3–12.2)

2.4 (1.6–7.9)

0.700

 SUVLiver

2.7 (1.3–16.3)

2.6 (1.7–4.7)

0.017*

 SURmax

7.9 (2.1–15.5)

3.0 (0.6–8.4)

0.000*

  1. HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; WHO: World Health Organization; KPS: Karnofsky Performance Status score; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; FDG: 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose; CNS: central nervous system; SUV: standard uptake value; SUVLN: the maximum of standard uptake value of only lymph nodes; SURmax: the most FDG-avid lesion-to-liver SUVmax ratio. SUVLiver: SUVmax of liver; SUVSpleen: SUVmax of spleen; SUVMarrow: SUVmax of bone marrow
  2. *P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant