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Table 8 Correlation between S. aureus virulence genes and antibiotic resistance

From: Virulence genes distributed among Staphylococcus aureus causing wound infections and their correlation to antibiotic resistance

Antibiotic

hla

sea

icaA

fnbA

R

S

p*

R

S

p*

R

S

p*

R

S

p*

Linzolid

            

Positive gene

4 (39.9%)

18 (36.7%)

0.846

5 (50%)

37 (75.5%)

0.105

4 (39.9%)

25 (51%)

0.525

0 (0%)

8 (16.3%)

0.169

Negative gene

6 (59.9%)

31 (63.3%)

 

5 (50%)

12 (24.5%)

 

6 (59.9%)

24 (48.9%)

 

10 (100%)

41 (83.7%)

 

Tetracycline

            

Positive gene

14 (37.8%)

5 (31.3%)

0.646

28 (75.7%)

11 (68.8%)

0.6

21 (56.8%)

6 (37.5%)

0.198

4 (10.8%)

2 (12.5)

0.602

Negative gene

23 (62.2%)

11 (68.8%)

 

9 (24.3%)

5 (31.3%)

 

16 (43.2%)

10 (62.5%)

 

33 (89.2%)

14 (87.5%)

 

Chloramphenicol

            

Positive gene

2 (33.3%)

14 (33.3%)

1

4 (66.7%)

30 (71.4%)

0.81

3 (49.9%)

20 (47.6%)

0.913

0 (0%)

5 (12%)

0.372

Negative gene

4 (66.7%)

28 (66.7%)

 

2 (33.3%)

12 (28.6%)

 

3 (49.9%)

22 (52.4%)

 

6 (100%)

37 (88.1%)

 

Rifampin

            

Positive gene

6 (27.3%)

15 (44.1%)

0.203

16 (72.7%)

25 (73.5%)

0.947

11 (49.9%)

17 (49.9%)

1

3 (13.6%)

5 (14.7%)

0.911

Negative gene

16 (72.7%)

19 (55.9%)

 

6 (27.3%)

9 (26.5%)

 

11 (49.9%)

17 (49.9%)

 

19 (86.4%)

29 (85.3%)

 

Piperacillin

            

Positive gene

22 (37.3%)

0 (0%)

 < 0.0001

43 (72.9%)

0 (0%)

 < 0.0001

29 (49.2%)

0 (0%)

 < 0.0001

8 (13.6%)

0 (0%)

 < 0.0001

Negative gene

37 (62.7%)

0 (0%)

 

16 (27.1%)

0 (0%)

 

30 (50.4%)

0 (0%)

 

51 (86.4%)

0 (0%)

 

Gentamycin

            

Positive gene

3 (14.9%)

15 (51.7%)

0.005

18 (89.9%)

18 (62.1%)

0.03

12 (59.9%)

13 (44.8%)

0.296

3 (14.9%)

5 (17.2%)

0.835

Negative gene

17 (84.9%)

14 (48.3%)

 

2 (9.9%)

11 (37.9%)

 

8 (39.9%)

16 (55.2%)

 

17 (84.9%)

17 (58.6%)

 

Ampicillin / Sulbactam

            

Positive gene

20 (36.9%)

2 (39.9%)

0.896

39 (72.2%)

4 (79.9%)

0.708

25 (46.3%)

4 (79.9%)

0.044

6 (11.1%)

2 (39.9%)

0.071

Negative gene

34 (62.9%)

3 (59.9%)

 

15 (27.8%)

1 (19.9%)

 

19 (35.2%)

1 (19.9%)

 

48 (88.9%)

3 (59.9%)

 

Oxacillin

            

Positive gene

20 (36.9%)

2 (39.9%)

0.896

39 (72.2%)

4 (79.9%)

0.708

25 (46.3%)

4 (79.9%)

0.044

6 (11.1%)

2 (39.9%)

0.071

Negative gene

34 (62.9%)

3 (59.9%)

 

15 (27.8%)

1 (19.9%)

 

19 (35.2%)

1 (19.9%)

 

48 (88.9%)

3 (59.9%)

 

Levofloxacin

            

Positive gene

4 (18.9%)

17 (51.5%)

0.017

19 (90.5%)

21 (63.6%)

0.028

10 (4.8%)

16 (48.5%)

0.951

2 (9.5%)

5 (15.2%)

0.548

Negative gene

17 (80.9%)

16 (48.5%)

 

2 (9.5%)

12 (36.4%)

 

11 (52.3%)

17 (51.5%)

 

19 (90.5%)

28 (84.9%)

 

Ciprofloxacin

            

Positive gene

5 (23.8%)

13 (41.9%)

0.178

20 (95.2%)

20 (64.5%)

0.01

11 (52.4%)

14 (45.2%)

0.609

4 (18.9%)

4 (12.9%)

 < 0.0001

Negative gene

16 (76.2%)

18 (58.1%)

 

1 (4.8%)

11 (35.5%)

 

10 (47.6%)

17 (54.8%)

 

17 (80.9%)

27 (87.1%)

 

Amoxicillin/ Clavulanic

            

Positive gene

20 (36.9%)

2 (39.9%)

0.896

39 (72.2%)

4 (79.9%)

0.708

25 (46.3%)

4 (79.9%)

0.044

6 (11.1%)

2 (39.9%)

0.071

Negative gene

34 (62.9%)

3 (59.9%)

 

15 (27.8%)

1 (19.9%)

 

19 (35.2%)

1 (19.9%)

 

48 (88.9%)

3 (59.9%)

 

Vancomycin

            

Positive gene

3 (37.5%)

19 (37.3%)

0.989

5 (62.5%)

37 (72.5%)

0.56

4 (49.9%)

25 (48.9%)

0.959

0 (0%)

8 (15.7%)

0.228

Negative gene

5 (62.5%)

32 (62.7%)

 

3 (37.5%)

14 (27.5%)

 

4 (49.9%)

26 (50.9%)

 

8 (100%)

43 84.3%)

 
  1. The bold values indicate a statisticatly significant difference. The alpha level of siginificance was set to 0.05
  2. *Chi-square test
  3. P-values was set to 0.05