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Table 1 Characteristics of the participants

From: Barriers and facilitators for therapeutic drug monitoring of beta-lactams and ciprofloxacin in the ICU: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Department

Intensive care

(n = 10)

MMB and infect dis

(n = 9)

Hospital pharm

(n = 45)

Total

(n = 64)

Age (year)

    

26–35

1 (10%)

0 (0%)

17 (37.8%)

18 (28.1%)

36–45

3 (30%)

6 (66.7%)

15 (33.3%)

24 (37.5%)

46–55

4 (40%)

3 (33.3%)

10 (22.2%)

17 (26.6%)

 > 55

2 (20%)

0 (0%)

3 (6.7%)

5 (7.8%)

Hospital beds

    

301–500

2 (20%)

1 (11.1%)

10 (22.2%)

13 (20.3%)

501–700

3 (30%)

2 (22.2%)

9 (20.0%)

14 (21.9%)

 > 900

2 (20%)

2 (22.2%)

8 (17.8%)

12 (18.8%)

Missing

3 (30%)

4 (44.4%)

18 (40.0%)

25 (39.1%)

ICU beds

    

9–16

4 (40%)

3 (33.3%)

16 (35.6%)

23 (35.9%)

17–23

2 (20%)

0 (0%)

8 (17.8%)

10 (15.6%)

24–30

1 (10%)

2 (22.2%)

4 (8.9%)

7 (10.9%)

 > 30

1 (10%)

2 (22.2%)

7 (15.6%)

10 (15.6%)

Missing

2 (20%)

2 (22.2%)

10 (22.2%)

14 (21.9%)

Type of hospital

    

Academic

2 (20%)

4 (44.4%)

8 (17.8%)

14 (21.9%)

General

4 (40%)

3 (33.3%)

18 (40.0%)

25 (39.1%)

Teaching

4 (40%)

2 (22.2%)

19 (42.2%)

25 (39.1%)

Profession

    

Physician-assistant

1 (10%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (1.6%)

Resident

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

5 (11.1%)

5 (7.8%)

Physician-microbiologist

0 (0%)

5 (55.6%)

0 (0%)

5 (7.8%)

Medical specialist

8 (80%)

4 (44.4%)

3 (6.7%)

15 (23.4%)

Hospital pharmacist

1 (10%)

0 (0%)

37 (82.2%)

38 (59.4%)

Experience (years)

    

Mean (SD)

10.7 (8.5)

9.7 (3.9)

12 (9.10)

11.4 (8.42)

Median [Min, Max]

10.5 [1, 25]

10 [5, 15]

10.0 [1, 35]

10.0 [1, 35]

Use of BLA TDM

    

Never

3 (30%)

3 (33.3%)

13 (28.9%)

19 (29.7%)

Rare

2 (20%)

2 (22.2%)

16 (35.6%)

20 (31.2%)

Sometimes

3 (30%)

2 (22.2%)

9 (20.0%)

14 (21.9%)

Regularly

2 (20%)

0 (0%)

3 (6.7%)

5 (7.8%)

Often

0 (0%)

2 (22.2%)

4 (8.9%)

6 (9.4%)

Use of Ciprofloxacin TDM

    

Never

6 (60%)

5 (55.6%)

32 (71.1%)

43 (67.2%)

Rare

2 (20%)

3 (33.3%)

8 (17.8%)

13 (20.3%)

Sometimes

1 (10%)

0 (0%)

4 (8.9%)

5 (7.8%)

Regularly

0 (0%)

1 (11.1%)

1 (2.2%)

2 (3.1%)

Often

1 (10%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (1.6%)

BLA TDM experience

    

Beginner

2 (20.0%)

2 (22.2%)

13 (28.9%)

17 (26.6%)

Average

5 (50.0%)

2 (22.2%)

13 (28.9%)

20 (31.2%)

Advanced

1 (10.0%)

4 (44.4%)

4 (8.9%)

9 (14.1%)

Expert

1 (10.0%)

0 (0%)

6 (13.3%)

7 (10.9%)

Unknown

1 (10.0%)

1 (11.1%)

9 (20.0%)

11 (17.2%)

Ciprofloxacin TDM experience

    

Beginner

1 (10%)

3 (33.3%)

13 (28.9%)

17 (26.6%)

Average

4 (40%)

1 (11.1%)

4 (8.9%)

9 (14.1%)

Advanced

1 (10%)

3 (33.3%)

3 (6.7%)

7 (10.9%)

Expert

1 (10%)

0 (0%)

4 (8.9%)

5 (7.8%)

Unknown

3 (30%)

2 (22.2%)

21 (46.7%)

26 (40.6%)

  1. TDM therapeutic drug monitoring, BLA beta-lactam antibiotics, MMB and infect dis Medical microbiology and infectious diseases, Hospital Pharm Hospital Pharmacy