From: A case–control study of agricultural and behavioral factors associated with leptospirosis in Vietnam
Variable | Cases (n = 252) | Controls (n = 252) | OR (95% CI) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hand washing after using toilet | 198 (78.6%) | 229 (90.9%) | 0.37 (0.22–0.62) | 0.000 |
Hand washing after farming/gardening | 85 (33.7%) | 144 (57.1%) | 0.38 (0.27–0.55) | 0.000 |
Hand washing before eating | 165 (65.5%) | 158 (62.7%) | 1.13 (0.78–1.62) | 0.516 |
Hand washing after bathing the livestock or assisting them to breed | 93 (36.9%) | 1115 (45.6%) | 0.69 (0.49–1.00) | 0.050 |
Hand washing after contacting domestic animals | 102 (40.5%) | 122 (48.4%) | 0.73 (0.51–1.03) | 0.073 |
Bathing after farming, gardening, cattle/poultry contact | 185 (73.4%) | 230 (91.3%) | 0.26 (0.16–0.44) | 0.000 |
Using gloves/boots for farming, gardening, livestock/poultry contact | 158 (62.7%) | 190 (75.4%) | 0.55 (0.37–0.81) | 0.002 |
Walking barefoot | 171 (67.9%) | 171 (67.9%) | – | 1 |
Participating in physical activities | 198 (78.6%) | 183 (72.6%) | 1.38 (0.92–2.01) | 0.120 |
Participating in water sports | 21 (8.3%) | 30 (11.9%) | 0.67 (0.37–1.21) | 0.184 |
Drinking unboiled water | 102 (40.5%) | 62 (24.6%) | 2.08 (1.42–3.05) | 0.000 |
Eating uncooked food | 57 (22.6%) | 54 (21.4%) | 1.07 (0.70–1.63) | 0.747 |