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Table 2 Differences in baseline characteristics and clinical presentation between seasonal coronaviruses and COVID-19 inpatients

From: Comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with seasonal coronavirus infection and COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study

 

sCoV (N = 190)

COVID-19 (N = 190)

P-value

Demographics

 Age in yearsa

74 (59–84)

69 (59–82)

.081

 Male (vs. female)

89 (46.8%)

114 (60%)

.010

 White (vs. all other)

119 (62.6%)

76 (40%)

< .001

 LTCF (vs. home)

69 (36.3%)

123 (64.7%)

< .001

 DNR/DNI

53 (27.9%)

74 (38.9%)

.022

 Two or more comorbidities

163 (85.8%)

155 (81.6%)

.267

 Cardiovascular

89 (46.8%)

65 (34.2%)

.012

 Obesity

59 (31.1%)

55 (28.9%)

.654

 Diabetes

73 (38.4%)

92 (48.4%)

.049

 Malignant disease or mass

42 (22.1%)

20 (10.5%)

.002

 Neurocognitive disorder

51 (26.8%)

69 (36.3%)

.047

 COPD or asthma

68 (35.8%)

42 (22.1%)

.003

 HIV or other immunodeficiency

23 (12.1%)

3 (1.6%)

< .001

 Never smoker (vs. former or current)

103 (54.2%)

110 (57.9%)

.469

Symptoms

 Fever

96 (50.5%)

117 (61.6%)

.030

 Chills

46 (24.2%)

16 (8.4%)

< .001

 Cough

143 (75.3%)

103 (54.2%)

< .001

 Shortness of breath

143 (75.3%)

130 (68.4%)

.138

 Anosmia

1 (0.5%)

7 (3.7%)

.032

 Diarrhea

7 (3.7%)

25 (13.2%)

.001

Signs

 Altered mental status

43 (22.6%)

88 (46.3%)

< .001

 Temperature (°C)a

37.1 (36.7–38.1)

37.8 (37–38.625)

< .001

 Lowest SpO2 in the ED (%)a

93 (88–95)

93 (88–95)

.680

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)a

132 (114–160)

120.5 (102–139.25)

.014

 Heart rate (bpm)a

100.5 (86–116.25)

97 (81–111)

.259

 Respiratory rate (rpm)a

22 (20–28)

22 (20–28)

.757

Labsa

 White blood cells (4.0–11.0, × 109/L)

10.75 (7.3–15.025)

7.9 (5.575–11.70)

< .001

 Lymphocyte count (0.6–3.4, × 109/L)

1 (0.6–1.625)

0.9 (0.6–1.3)

.148

 Hemoglobin (12.0–15.3, g/dL)

12.1 (10.675–13.60)

12.8 (11.4–14.2)

.010

 Platelets (150–450, × 109/L)

216.5 (162.5–292)

206 (160.5–277.5)

.473

 Serum creatinine (0.6–1.3, mg/dL)

1.01 (0.77–1.43)

1.31 (0.93–2.17)

< .001

 Blood urea nitrogen (7–25, mg/dL)

23 (15–36.25)

28 (17–46)

.010

 Lactic acid (0.7–2.0, mmol/L)

1.8 (1.3–2.75)

1.7 (1.2–2.4)

.621

Chest X-rays

 No acute findings

50 (25.3%)

28 (14.7%)

.009

 Unilateral opacities

82 (43.2%)

45 (23.7%)

< .001

 Bilateral opacitiesc

49 (25.8%)

92 (48.4%)

< .001

 Diffuse opacitiesc

9 (4.7%)

25 (13.2%)

.003

  1. aShapiro-Wilk normality test results showed deviation from a normal distribution
  2. bTwo or more co-existing comorbidities
  3. cBilateral opacities: Lung infiltrates present in both lung fields but < 50%; Diffuse opacities: Lung infiltrates > 50% in both lung fields
  4. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19: Coronavirus Disease 2019; DNR/DNI: do-not-intubate and do-not-resuscitate; ED: emergency department; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; LTCF: long-term care facility; sCoV: seasonal coronavirus; SpO2: peripheral oxygen saturation; VTE: venous thromboembolism
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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