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Table 2 Patient characteristics according to carbapenem susceptibility of the infection

From: Economic and clinical burden from carbapenem-resistant bacterial infections and factors contributing: a retrospective study using electronic medical records in Japan

Variable

CS infections (N = 9,431)

CR infections (N = 86)

P-value

Age (years), mean ± SD

76.4 ± 12.5

74.9 ± 12.7

0.259

Age (years), n (%)

  

0.480

 15–64

1331 (14.1)

16 (18.6)

 

 65–74

2098 (22.2)

19 (22.1)

 

  ≥ 75

6002 (63.6)

51 (59.3)

 

Sex, n (%)

  

0.025

 Male

5334 (56.6)

59 (68.6)

 

 Female

4097 (43.4)

27 (31.4)

 

BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD

21.2 ± 4.2

20.8 ± 4.5

0.127

BMI (kg/m2), n (%)

   

  < 18.5

2517 (26.7)

28 (32.6)

0.221

 18.5–25

5401 (57.3)

45 (52.3)

0.356

  ≥ 25

1513 (16.0)

13 (15.1)

0.816

WBC, mean ± SD

11,860.8 ± 7324.4

11,191.0 ± 6277.7

0.341

CRP, mean ± SD

12.2 ± 9.0

11.0 ± 8.8

0.149

BT, mean ± SD

38.5 ± 0.9

38.3 ± 1.0

0.007

Main diagnosis, n (%)

   

 Pneumonia

4541 (48.1)

46 (53.5)

0.324

 Sepsis

1552 (16.5)

14 (16.3)

0.965

 UTI

3254 (34.5)

24 (27.9)

0.200

 Biliary infection

1309 (13.9)

14 (16.3)

0.522

Reason for hospitalization, n (%)

   

 Diseases of the circulatory system

2822 (29.9)

22 (25.6)

0.449

 Neoplasms

2214 (23.5)

14 (16.3)

0.150

 Diseases of the digestive system

1067 (11.3)

19 (22.1)

0.003

Charlson Comorbidity Index, n (%)

  

0.230

 0 point

1041 (11.0)

13 (15.1)

 

 ≥ 1 point

8390 (89.0)

73 (84.9)

 

Comorbidity, n (%)

   

 Myocardial infarction

398 (4.2)

2 (2.3)

0.383

 Cerebrovascular disease

2783 (29.5)

26 (30.2)

0.884

 Congestive heart failure

1774 (18.8)

17 (19.8)

0.821

 Rheumatic disease

274 (2.9)

6 (7.0)

0.026

 Dementia

1353 (14.3)

7 (8.1)

0.102

 Diabetes without complications

1972 (20.9)

25 (29.1)

0.064

 Diabetes with complications

379 (4.0)

6 (7.0)

0.166

 Mild liver disease

565 (6.0)

5 (5.8)

0.945

 Moderate or severe liver disease

122 (1.3)

2 (2.3)

0.401

 Peptic ulcer disease

951 (10.1)

4 (4.7)

0.095

 Peripheral vascular disease

464 (4.9)

3 (3.5)

0.541

 Chronic pulmonary disease

665 (7.1)

6 (7.0)

0.979

 Paraplegia and hemiplegia

233 (2.5)

1 (1.2)

0.436

 Renal disease

748 (7.9)

4 (4.7)

0.262

 Cancer

3518 (37.3)

27 (31.4)

0.259

 Metastatic carcinoma

1032 (10.9)

6 (7.0)

0.240

 HIV

10 (0.1)

0 (0.0)

0.763

Healthcare utilization, n (%)

   

 ICU admission

2359 (25.0)

19 (22.1)

0.534

 Surgical procedure

4634 (49.1)

48 (55.8)

0.218

 Dialysis

512 (5.4)

5 (5.8)

0.875

 Mechanical ventilation

1997 (21.2)

32 (37.2)

 < 0.001

 Immunosuppressive drug

3223 (34.2)

30 (34.9)

0.890

 Antibiotics before the culture test

5937 (63.0)

76 (88.4)

 < 0.001

 Carbapenem before culture test

779 (8.3)

27 (31.4)

 < 0.001

Number of beds, n (%)

  

0.021

 < 400

2275 (24.1)

11 (12.8)

 

 400–500

3569 (37.8)

32 (37.2)

 

 ≥ 500

3587 (38.0)

43 (50.0)

 

Rout of admission, n (%)

  

0.070

 From other wards

5 (0.1)

0 (0.0)

 

 From home

7,469 (79.2)

68 (79.1)

 

 From other hospital

1,175 (12.5)

13 (15.1)

 

 From long-term institutions

738 (7.8)

3 (3.5)

 

 Others

44 (0.5)

2 (2.3)

 
  1. BMI body mass index, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, CR carbapenem-resistant, CRP C-reactive protein, CS carbapenem-susceptible, ICU intensive care unit, SD standard deviation, WBC white blood cell, BT body temperature; UTI urinary tract infection