Table 3 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression of behavioral factors and psychological factors for HIV testing in the preceding year among Sino-Vietnam border female sex workers, 2016–2018 (n = 5201)

Having adequate HIV-/AIDS-related knowledge

 Yes

2.16 (1.25–3.73)

0.85 (0.41–1.80)

1.15 (0.83–1.58)

–

 No

1

1

1

–

Working venue type

 High-/Mid-tier

3.75 (2.64–5.32)

5.11 (2.83–9.21)

0.68 (0.61–0.77)

1.0 (0.84–1.20)

 Low-tier

1

1

1

1

Age of sexual debut

 < 18 years

1.40 (0.99–1.97)

0.69 (0.43–1.09)

0.93 (0.79–1.10)

–

 ≥ 18 years

1

1

1

–

Age of commercial sexual debut

 ≥ 18 years

1

–

1

–

 < 18 years

1.32 (0.58–3.05)

–

0.28 (0.17–0.48)

–

Months of staying in the current residence

 ≥ 12 months

0.66 (0.47–0.93)

1.1 (0.68–1.83)

2.06 (1.80–3.67)

1.28 (1.08–1.52)

 6–11 months

0.23 (0.13–0.42)

0.56 (0.27–1.18)

0.59 (0.50–0.71)

0.58 (0.47–0.71)

 < 6 months

1

1

1

1

Years of FSW experience

 ≥ 4 years

0.90 (0.64–1.28)

–

1.32 (1.18–1.49)

1.61 (1.38–1.88)

 < 4 years

1

–

1

1

Consistent condom used in last commercial sex

 Yes

1.02 (0.42–2.49)

–

1.61 (0.99–2.62)

1.55 (0.83–2.87)

 No

1

–

1

1

Consistent condom used in the previous month

 Yes

1

1

1

1

 No

1.83 (1.17–2.86)

1.94 (1.07–3.53)

1.25 (0.10–1.58)

1.56 (1.15–2.11)

History of self-reported STIs

 Yes

3.48 (1.24–9.79)

4.25 (1.31–13.76)

1.33 (1.01–1.74)

1.07 (0.79–1.46)

 No

1

1

1

1

Ilicit drug use

 Yes

1.20 (0.24–6.01)

–

1.52 (0.95–2.44)

–

 No

1

–

1

–

Serving clients in a fixed venue

 Yes

2.84 (1.27–6.39)

1.08 (0.39–3.04)

1.66 (1.40–2.00)

1.44 (1.17–1.79)

 No

1

1

1

1

Having received free AIDS education and condom distribution services in the past year

 Yes

5.57 (2.14–14.53)

1.77 (0.58–5.39)

6.74 (3.80–11.95)

2.93 (1.92–2.67)

 No

1

1

1

1

Having received peer education services in the past year

 Yes

5.69 (3.90–8.32)

1.1 (0.59–2.08)

3.43 (3.04–3.88)

2.26 (1.92–2.66)

 No

1

1

1

1

Number of clients in the last month

 < 60

1

1

1

1

 ≥ 60

0.70 (0.51–0.97)

1.30 (0.85–1.98)

0.73 (0.65–0.82)

1.66 (1.41–1.94)

Average age of male clients

 ≥ 50 years

1.16 (0.79–1.68)

–

2.23 (1.93–2.57)

1.03 (0.85–1.25)

 < 50 years

1

–

1

1

Having regular, non-commercial sexual partners

 Yes

0.94 (0.47–1.90)

–

2.35 (1.95–2.83)

2.10 (1.63–2.62)

 No

1

–

1

1

Having regular, commercial sexual partners

 Yes

1.80 (1.30–2.53)

1.59 (1.03–2.46)

1.76 (1.56–1.98)

1.46 (1.25–1.70)

 No

1

1

1

–

Clients' average payment for commercial sex

 < 100 RMB

2.07 (1.50–2.87)

2.40 (1.36–3.68)

1.37 (1.21–1.55)

0.81 (0.67–0.97)

 ≥ 100 RMB

1

1

1

1

Perception of risk for HIV infection

 High level

1

1

1

 Mid level

0.89 (0.56–1.43)

1.00 (0.58–1.73)

1.34 (1.14–1.59)

–

 Low level

0.25 (0.11–0.57)

0.98 (0.36–2.67)

1.10 (0.80–1.25)

–

Perception of vulnerability to HIV/STIs

 Yes

5.46 (2.96–10.10)

2.43 (1.17–5.05)

2.02 (1.78–2.30)

1.72 (1.45–2.03)

 No

1

1

1

1

Fearing their families knowing about their sex work

 Yes

2.69 (1.95–3.74)

0.81 (0.50–1.33)

2.10 (1.90–2.42)

1.56 (1.34–1.81)

 No

1

1

1

1