Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory data and indices of severity of People with HIV (PWH) and HIV-uninfected patients
Parameter (IQR) | Reference value | n | HIV-uninfected (N = 1164) | PWH (N = 270) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics* | |||||
Age (years), median (IQR**) | 54 (43–65) | 46 (39–52) | < 0.001 | ||
Male, n (%) | 530 (45.5%) | 85 (31.7%) | < 0.001 | ||
Female, n (%) | 634 (54.5%) | 183 (68.3%) | |||
Presenting symptoms*, n (%) | |||||
Cough | 787 (67.6%) | 195 (72.2%) | 0.14 | ||
Dyspnoea | 835 (71.7%) | 198 (73.3%) | 0.60 | ||
Fever | 507 (43.6%) | 122 (45.2%) | 0.63 | ||
Sore throat | 197 (16.9%) | 36 (13.3%) | 0.15 | ||
Anosmia | 97 (8.3%) | 12 (4.5%) | 0.03 | ||
Diarrhoea | 91 (7.8%) | 40 (14.8%) | < 0.001 | ||
Myalgia | 259 (22.3%) | 50 (18.5%) | 0.18 | ||
Comorbidities*, n (%) | |||||
Hypertension | 612 (52.6%) | 103 (38.1%) | < 0.001 | ||
Diabetes mellitus | 463 (39.8%) | 73 (27.0%) | < 0.001 | ||
Overweight / obese | 486 (41.8%) | 79 (29.3%) | < 0.001 | ||
Cardiac disease | 92 (7.9%) | 9 (3.3%) | .008 | ||
Current Tuberculosis | 18 (1.5%) | 29 (10.7%) | < 0.001 | ||
Past Tuberculosis | 40 (3.4%) | 37 (13.7%) | < 0.001 | ||
Chronic kidney disease | 86 (7.4%) | 21 (7.8%) | 0.79 | ||
Frailty score*, n (%) | 0.13 | ||||
Well | (1–3) | 541 (71.6%) | 85 (75.9%) | ||
Mild to moderate impairment | (4–6) | 193 (25,5%) | 26 (23.2%) | ||
Severe impairment | (7–9) | 22 (2.9%) | 1 (0.9%) | ||
Severity indices | |||||
SaO2 (%) | 93–97% | 1251 | 93 (87–96) | 93 (87–97) | 0.40 |
PaO2 (kPa) | 10.5–13.5 | 765 | 8.2 (6.4–10.8) | 8.1 (6.3–11.2) | 0.67 |
P:F ratio | ≥ 400 | 727 | 189.3 (95.8–303.7) | 228.9 (128.6–432.8) | 0.019 |
WBC (× 109 /L) | 3.92–10.40 | 1395 | 8.23 (6.23–11) | 8.9 (6.4–12.1) | 0.09 |
N:L ratio | 1–3 | 1153 | 4.91 (2.95–7.79) | 4.69 (2.75–7.64) | 0.34 |
CRP (mg/L) | < 10 | 1095 | 121 (56.5–206) | 165.5 (94.8–270) | < 0.001 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 64–104 | 1375 | 80 (62–110.5) | 73 (57–107.3) | 0.033 |
Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.0–17.0 | 1384 | 13.1 (11.8–14.3) | 12.6 (10.58–13.7) | < 0.001 |
Neutrophils (× 109/L) | 1.60–6.98 | 1148 | 6.34 (4.37–9.12) | 6.59 (4.18–9.45) | 0.96 |
Lymphocytes (× 109/L) | 1.40–4.20 | 1153 | 1.31 (0.92–1.85) | 1.42 (0.95–1.92) | 0.14 |
Platelets (× 109/L) | 171–388 | 1360 | 248 (196–324) | 269 (208.5–361) | < 0.001 |
D-dimer (mg/L) | 0.00–0.25 | 430 | 0.67 (0.38–1.86) | 0.79 (0.35–2.50) | 0.53 |