Associations between COVID-19 testing status, non-communicable diseases and HIV status among residents of sub-Saharan Africa during the first wave of the pandemic

Folayan, Morenike O.; Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel; Virtanen, Jorma I.; El Tantawi, Maha; Abeldaño, Giuliana Florencia; Ishabiyi, Anthonia Omotola; Jafer, Mohammed; Al-Khanati, Nuraldeen Maher; Quadri, Mir Faeq Ali; Yousaf, Muhammad Abrar; Ellakany, Passent; Nzimande, Ntombifuthi; Ara, Eshrat; Khalid, Zumama; Lawal, Folake Barakat; Lusher, Joanne; Popoola, Bamidele O.; Idigbe, Ifeoma; Khan, Abeedha Tu-Allah; Ayanore, Martin Amogre; Gaffar, Balgis; Osamika, Bamidele Emmanuel; Aly, Nourhan M.; Ndembi, Nicaise; Nguyen, Annie Lu

doi:10.1186/s12879-022-07498-w

Table 2 Binary logistic regression to determine factors the association between HIV testing status, COVID-19 status non-communicable disease and HIV status for residents of sub-Saharan Africa (N = 5945)

From: Associations between COVID-19 testing status, non-communicable diseases and HIV status among residents of sub-Saharan Africa during the first wave of the pandemic

Variables	Tested positive for COVID-19 infection				Had symptoms of COVID-19 but did not get tested
	AOR	95% C.I. for AOR		P value	AOR	95% C.I. for AOR		P value
	AOR	Lower	Upper	P value	AOR	Lower	Upper	P value
Age	0.991	0.973	1.009	0.334	0.955	0.945	0.965	< 0.001
Males (Ref: females)	0.986	0.714	1.362	0.931	1.377	1.160	1.635	< 0.001
Education (Ref: No formal education)	1. 000	–	–	–	1. 000	–	–	–
Primary	0.890	0.107	7.377	0.914	0.688	0.212	2.238	0.535
Secondary	0.458	0.086	2.440	0.360	0.936	0.367	2.384	0.890
Tertiary (University)	0.290	0.057	1.475	0.136	0.922	0.367	2.315	0.862
Employment status (Ref: unemployed)	1. 000	–	–	–	1. 000	–	–	–
Retired	2.275	0.691	7.488	0.176	1.345	0.563	3.210	0.504
Students	0.559	0.260	1.202	0.137	0.891	0.645	1.231	0.485
Employed	0.991	0.585	1.677	0.972	0.993	0.774	1.273	0.956
Sub region
Eastern and Southern Africa (ref: Western and Central Africa)	0.817	0.537	1.242	0.344	0.760	0.596	0.969	0.027
Medical health profile
Diabetes (ref: no)	0.669	0.226	1.983	0.469	1.120	0.614	2.044	0.711
Hypertension (ref: no)	1.573	0.930	2.661	0.091	1.201	0.849	1.699	0.301
Cancer (ref: no)	0.680	0.071	6.523	0.738	1.335	0.324	5.496	0.689
Heart condition (ref: no)	1.605	0.508	5.070	0.420	1.947	0.884	4.290	0.098
Respiratory condition (ref: no)	0.830	0.193	3.573	0.802	2.487	1.348	4.591	0.004
Depression (ref: no)	1.115	0.618	2.011	0.719	1.901	1.442	2.508	< 0.001
Living with HIV (ref: no)	0.284	0.129	0.622	0.002	1.280	0.982	1.670	0.068
COVID-19 status
I have a close friend who tested positive for COVID-19 (ref: no)	6.747	4.730	9.622	< 0.001	2.562	2.113	3.107	< 0.001
I know someone who died from COVID-19 (ref: no)	1.732	1.231	2.437	0.002	1.811	1.510	2.172	< 0.001
Cohabiting (Ref: no)	1.512	1.058	2.162	0.023	1.020	0.833	1.249	0.850

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ISSN: 1471-2334

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