Table 2 Parameters values used in the model

Proportion of individuals with unidentified hospital-acquired infections that will be subsequently admitted to hospital with COVID-19

unif (range = 0.1–0.15)

[31,32,33]

Proportion of community infections that will be hospitalised cases of COVID-19

norm (0.035, 0.0005)

[31]

Time to symptom onset from infection (incubation distribution)

 Mean distribution

lognormal (mean = 1.62, sd = 0.4)

[12]

 Standard deviation in estimates of mean and standard deviation

0.064

0.0691

Time to hospitalisation from symptom onset

Scenario 1 (baseline): lognormal (mean = 1.66, sd = 0.89)

Scenario 2: gamma (shape = 7, scale = 1)

Scenario 3: lognormal (mean = 1.44, sd = 0.72)

Additional file 7 [20, 34, 35]

Time from infection to hospitalisation

Sum of means of infection to symptom onset and symptom onset to hospitalisation = 5.1 + 7 = 12.1 days

Average number of secondary infections from one infected individual in the community (R)

“rt”

0.8, 1.2

[22], Additional file 9

Time period over which an infected individual is infectious

gamma (shape = 4, scale = 0.875)

[35]

Number of days before associated identified hospital-acquired case detection that a patient with a unidentified “missed” hospital-acquired infection is discharged from hospital

5

1

Assumptions