|
Variable
|
Age and sex adjusted
|
Fully-adjusted
|
|---|
|
OR (95% CI)
|
p-value
|
aOR (95% CI)
|
p-value
|
|---|
|
Gender
|
|
Male
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Female
|
1.21 (1.05–1.40)
|
0.010
|
1.21 (1.03–1.43)
|
0.022
|
|
Age-group
|
|
16–24
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
25–34
|
1.41 (0.86–2.24)
|
0.175
|
1.32 (0.77–2.25)
|
0.311
|
|
35–44
|
1.99 (1.24–3.21)
|
0.005
|
1.97 (1.19–3.28)
|
0.009
|
|
45–54
|
3.06 (1.96–4.78)
|
0.000
|
2.83 (1.74–4.61)
|
0.000
|
|
55–64
|
4.28 (2.77–8.98)
|
0.000
|
3.72 (2.32–5.97)
|
0.000
|
|
65–74
|
5.75 (3.69–8.98)
|
0.000
|
5.26 (3.24–8.54)
|
0.000
|
|
75 +
|
8.41 (5.41–13.10)
|
0.000
|
7.76 (4.73–12.76)
|
0.000
|
|
Ethnicity
|
|
Non-White
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
White
|
2.67 (1.92–3.70)
|
0.000
|
2.00 (1.40–2.88)
|
0.000
|
|
Well-being (WEMBMS score)
|
|
Bottom 15th centile
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Remainder
|
0.92 (0.72–1.17)
|
0.487
|
0.95 (0.74–1.22)
|
0.674
|
|
Top 15th centile
|
0.88 (0.66–1.17)
|
0.391
|
0.98 (0.73–1.34)
|
0.922
|
|
Household size
|
|
1
|
Ref.
| | | |
|
2
|
1.03 (0.86–1.24)
|
0.750
|
1.06 (0.87–1.31)
|
0.552
|
|
3
|
1.04 (0.79–1.35)
|
0.790
|
1.11 (0.81–1.51)
|
0.525
|
|
4
|
1.06 (0.76–1.43)
|
0.710
|
1.18 (0.84–1.65)
|
0.333
|
|
5 or more
|
0.89 (0.57–1.37)
|
0.586
|
0.97 (0.60–1.59)
|
0.915
|
|
BMIa,b
|
|
Not overweight or obese
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Overweight
|
0.97 (0.82–1.16)
|
0.743
|
0.95 (0.78–1.15)
|
0.581
|
|
Obese
|
0.91 (0.75–1.11)
|
0.353
|
0.88 (0.70–1.09)
|
0.243
|
|
Area level Deprivationc
|
|
Least deprived
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Second-lowest
|
1.15 (0.90–1.46)
|
0.267
|
1.13 (0.87–1.47)
|
0.349
|
|
Middle
|
1.03 (0.82–1.29)
|
0.805
|
1.06 (0.83–1.34)
|
0.649
|
|
Second-highest
|
1.12 (0.90–1.40)
|
0.300
|
1.12 (0.87–1.44)
|
0.385
|
|
Most deprived
|
0.82 (0.65–1.04)
|
0.108
|
0.91 (0.69–1.19)
|
0.482
|
|
Physical activity—moderate
|
|
No days
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
1–2 days
|
0.92 (0.75–1.13)
|
0.423
|
0.86 (0.68–1.07)
|
0.179
|
|
3–4 days
|
1.23 (0.97–1.56)
|
0.088
|
1.10 (0.86–1.42)
|
0.449
|
|
5–6 days
|
1.21 (0.88–1.66)
|
0.234
|
1.11 (0.79–1.54)
|
0.544
|
|
7 days
|
1.40 (1.12–1.74)
|
0.003
|
1.29 (1.01–1.66)
|
0.043
|
|
Smoking status
|
|
Never smoker
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Ex regular/Ex occasional smoker
|
1.21 (1.02–1.43)
|
0.026
|
1.09 (0.91–1.30)
|
0.362
|
|
Current smoker
|
1.24 (0.99–1.57)
|
0.066
|
1.22 (0.94–1.57)
|
0.132
|
|
Alcohol consumptiond
|
|
None
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
≤ 2 units
|
1.27 (1.04–1.55)
|
0.020
|
1.15 (0.92–1.43)
|
0.218
|
|
> 2 and ≤ 4 units
|
1.01 (0.80–1.27)
|
0.961
|
0.98 (0.76–1.27)
|
0.882
|
|
> 4 and ≤ 8 units
|
1.40 (1.12–1.76)
|
0.004
|
1.17 (0.91–1.51)
|
0.224
|
|
8 + units
|
1.34 (1.03–1.75)
|
0.027
|
1.22 (0.91–1.63)
|
0.177
|
|
Clinical conditions
|
|
Diabetese
|
1.13 (0.89–1.44)
|
0.300
|
1.00 (0.76–1.33)
|
0.977
|
|
Respiratory disease
|
1.47 (1.14–1.90)
|
0.003
|
1.31 (0.96–1.77)
|
0.085
|
|
Digestive disorders
|
1.48 (1.15–1.92)
|
0.003
|
1.51 (1.13–2.01)
|
0.005
|
|
Genito urinary disorders
|
1.40 (0.95–2.05)
|
0.087
|
1.25 (0.81–1.94)
|
0.317
|
|
Mental health condition
|
1.26 (0.91–1.75)
|
0.165
|
1.15 (0.80–1.65)
|
0.448
|
- BMI body mass index, WEMWBS Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale
- aBMI was calculated using measured height and weight where available and supplemented with self-reported BMI among participants with no height and/or weight measurements (BMI categories: < 25 kg/m2, not overweight or obese; 25 to < 30 kg/m2, overweight; and 30 kg/m2 or more, obese)
- bUnderweight included with normal weight due to small numbers
- cArea level deprivation defined using Index of Multiple Deprivation 2015 scores
- dUnits of alcohol consumed on heaviest drinking day in past 7 days
- eDoctor-diagnosed diabetes
- ^Statistical significance level: p value < 0.05
