Table 2 The lab test and clinical characteristics of the study population
From: Predicting progression to severe COVID-19 using the PAINT score
Laboratory findings | All patients (n = 239) | Without progression (n = 216) | Progression to severe (n = 23) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Systolic pressure (mmHg) | 129.00 (87–195) | 128 (87–195) | 133 (108–151) | 0.775 |
Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 78 (51–114) | 78 (51–106) | 75 (60–114) | 0.131 |
Rhythm of the heart (beats/min) | 85 (37–140) | 85 (37–140) | 86 (75–114) | 0.796 |
Breathing rate (beats/min) | 20 (15–32) | 20 (15–25) | 20 (16–32) | 0.008 |
CURB-65 score | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–3) | 0.497 |
qSOFA score | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–3) | 0.035 |
WBC (× 109/L) | 5.07 (1.23–17.48) | 5.06 (1.23–17.48) | 5.27 (2.55–11.38) | 0.529 |
Neutrophils (× 109/L) | 3.08 (0.69–16.18) | 3.03 (0.69–16.18) | 3.75 (1.16–9.53) | 0.672 |
Percentage of neutrophils (%) | 63.5 (23.1–97.7) | 62.0 (23.1–97.7) | 68.9 (35.9–94.3) | 0.000 |
Lymphocyte (× 109/L) | 1.22(0.29–3.48) | 1.29 (0.31–3.48) | 0.94 (0.29–1.64) | 0.001 |
NLR | 2.41 (0.42–32.21) | 2.28 (0.42–27.90) | 3.47 (0.72–32.21) | 0.019 |
Percentage of lymphocyte (%) | 25.9 (2.9–59.2) | 26.6 (3.3–59.2) | 20.7 (2.9–50.2) | 0.000 |
HGB (g/L) | 125 (65–159) | 125 (65–159) | 119 (90–149) | 0.545 |
PLT (× 109/L) | 217 (27–608) | 219.5 (27–608) | 210 (128–490) | 0.078 |
CRP (mg/L) | 38.1 (3–181) | 35.9 (3–181) | 64.7 (6–171) | 0.058 |
ALT (IU/L) | 22 (6–274) | 21 (6–274) | 28 (9–162) | 0.171 |
AST (IU/L) | 22(10–312) | 21 (10–312) | 30 (13–104) | 0.017 |
GGT (IU/L) | 24 (0.85–3-8) | 23 (0.85–309) | 28 (10–105) | 0.084 |
TBIL (µmol/L) | 10.0 (2.5–36.8) | 10.1 (2.5–36.8) | 9.7 (6.0–19.1) | 0.010 |
DBIL (µmol/L) | 3.5 (0.6–13.6) | 3.5 (0.6–13.6) | 4.1 (2.6–9.2) | 0.020 |
Urea (mmol/L) | 4.3(1.7–39.2) | 4.16 (1.70–39.2) | 5 (2.91–28.1) | 0.010 |
Cr (µmol/L) | 58 (35–1045) | 58 (35–1045) | 65 (37–231) | 0.017 |
UA (µmol/L) | 267 (69–683) | 267 (69–683) | 274 (106–536) | 0.293 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.37 (3.06–34.2) | 5.36 (3.06–34.20) | 5.55 (3.12–23.04) | 0.001 |
Potassium (µmol/L) | 3.97 (2.52–7.97) | 3.96 (2.52–7.97) | 4.07 (3.44–5.84) | 0.402 |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 142 (126–154) | 142 (126–154) | 139 (131–148) | 0.004 |
Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.16 (1.53–4.35) | 2.17 (1.53–4.35) | 2.03 (1.89–4.35) | 0.525 |
Magnesium (mmol/L) | 0.84 (0.21–2.07) | 0.84 (0.21–1.13) | 0.87 (0.63–2.07) | 0.926 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.96 (2.14–9.97) | 4.00 (2.29–9.97) | 3.38 (2.14–4.58) | 0.960 |
Triacylglycerol (mmol/L) | 1.24 (0.28–8.40) | 1.24 (0.28–8.40) | 1.26 (0.49–2.53) | 0.178 |
PT (s) | 11.7 (10.2–17.9) | 11.7 (10.2–17.9) | 12.4 (11–14.3) | 0.029 |
Fibrinogen (g/L) | 3.73 (1.05–19.7) | 3.61 (1.05–19.7) | 4.62 (2.08–6.78) | 0.001 |
D-dimer (mg/L) | 0.515 (0.100–55.3) | 0.47 (0.10–55.3) | 0.92 (0.29–18.07) | 0.420 |
CK (IU/L) | 0.84 (0.18–9.51) | 0.82 (0.18–9.51) | 1.16 (0.34–2.46) | 0.875 |
Myoglobin (ng/mL) | 32.38 (9.92–282.83) | 31.44 (9.92–282.83) | 40.78 (18.15–270.34) | 0.004 |
BNP (pg/mL) | 67.44 (0–5398.00) | 59.82 (0–5398) | 121.65 (6.72–1150.00) | 0.728 |
PCT (ng/L) | 0.042 (0–4.320) | 0.04 (0–4.32) | 0.065 (0–1.080) | 0.000 |
CD3+ T cell (/μL) | 807 (164–2284) | 825 (164–2284) | 510 (166–1182) | 0.002 |
CD4+ T cell (/μL) | 484(59–1705) | 508 (59–1705) | 378 (59–754) | 0.003 |
CD8+ T cell (/μL) | 262(43–951) | 271.5 (43–951) | 195 (79–417) | 0.008 |
CD19+ T cell (/μL) | 152 (18–986) | 156 (18–986) | 123 (31–395) | 0.031 |
CD16+/CD56+ NK cell (/μL) | 128 (12–677) | 134 (12–677) | 88 (22–278) | 0.012 |
Ig A (g/L) | 2.22 (1–11) | 2.22 (1–11) | 2.36 (1–8) | 0.074 |
Ig G (g/L) | 11.4 (6–30) | 11.3 (6–30) | 12.6 (6–17) | 0.947 |
Ig M (g/L) | 0.89 (0.26–2.52) | 0.92 (0.26–2.52) | 0.70 (0–2) | 0.040 |
Ig E (g/L) | 37.7 (0–2220) | 38 (0–2220) | 33.6 (0–590) | 0.897 |