Table 1 Demographic characteristics of participants and households
|  | Community sites (n = 473) | Hospital sites (n = 205) | Total (n = 678) |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Â | Â | Â |
 Female | 314 (66%) | 75 (37%) | 389 (57%) |
 Male | 159 (34%) | 130 (63%) | 289 (43%) |
Age group (in years)a | Â | Â | Â |
 < 12 | 0 (0%) | 54 (26%) | 54 (8%) |
 12–19 | 16 (3%) | 17 (9%) | 33 (5%) |
 20–39 | 70 (15%) | 66 (32%) | 136 (20%) |
 40–59 | 200 (42%) | 40 (19%) | 240 (35%) |
 60–79 | 173 (37%) | 27 (13%) | 200 (30%) |
 > 80 | 13 (3%) | 2 (1%) | 15 (2%) |
Education | Â | Â | Â |
 None | 114 (24%) | 28 (14%) | 58 (9%) |
 Primary school | 316 (67%) | 113 (55%) | 344 (51%) |
 Secondary school | 31 (7%) | 35 (17%) | 166 (24%) |
 College/university/professional | 2 (3%) | 29 (14%) | 110 (16%) |
Primary livelihoodb | Â | Â | Â |
 Non-animal business | 219 (46%) | 53 (26%) | 272 (40%) |
 Crop production | 63 (13%) | 49 (24%) | 112 (17%) |
 Child/student | 16 (3%) | 71 (35%) | 87 (13%) |
 Homemaker/unemployed | 61 (13%) | 22 (11%) | 83 (12%) |
 Extraction of minerals, timber and bat guano | 52 (11%) | 0 (0%) | 52 (8%) |
 Zoo/sanctuary worker | 34 (7%) | 1 (0%) | 34 (5%) |
 Construction worker | 16 (3%) | 5 (2%) | 21 (3%) |
 Community clinic worker and traditional healer | 10 (2%) | 1 (< 1%) | 11 (2%) |
 Government official | 0 (0%) | 2 (< 1%) | 2 (< 1%) |
 Animal production business | 1 (< 1%) | 1 (< 1%) | 2 (< 1%) |
 Non-timber forest product collector | 1 (< 1%) | 2 (< 1%) | 2 (< 1%) |
Length of time living at the location | Â | Â | Â |
 < 1 year | 6 (1%) | 11 (5%) | 17 (3%) |
 1–5 years | 12 (3%) | 47 (23%) | 59 (9%) |
 5–10 years | 57 (12% | 109 (53%) | 166 (24%) |
 > 10 years | 398 (84%) | 38 (19%) | 436 (64%) |
No. of people living in the same dwelling | Â | Â | Â |
 None | 2 (< 1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (< 1%) |
 1–5 | 359 (76%) | 144 (70%) | 503 (74%) |
 5–9 | 106 (22%) | 57 (28%) | 163 (24%) |
 10 and above | 6 (1%) | 4 (2%) | 10 (1%) |
Sources of drinking waterb | Â | Â | Â |
 Piped in water/water tap | 448 (95%) | 181 (88%) | 629 (93%) |
 Covered well | 21 (4%) | 110 (54%) | 31 (5%) |
 Uncovered well/pond/river | 28 (6%) | 8 (4%) | 36 (5%) |
 Water truck/rainwater harvest | 58 (12%) | 30 (15%) | 88 (13%) |
Water is treated | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 279 (59%) | 181 (88%) | 460 (68%) |
 No | 194 (41%) | 24 (12%) | 218 (32%) |
Dedicated location for human waste | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 468 (99%) | 196 (96%) | 664 (98%) |
 No | 5 (1%) | 9 (4%) | 14 (2%) |
Containers for food storage in householdb | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes, with covers | 468 (99%) | 197 (96%) | 665 (98%) |
 Yes, without covers | 1 (< 1%) | 4 (2%) | 5 (1%) |
 No | 4 (1%) | 4 (2%) | 8 (1%) |