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Table 3 Relative mRNA expression of TLRs in different groups in this study

From: mRNA expression of toll-like receptors 3, 7, 8, and 9 in the nasopharyngeal epithelial cells of coronavirus disease 2019 patients

Item

TLR3

Fold change (P value)

TLR7

Fold change (P value)

TLR8

Fold change (P value)

TLR9

Fold change (P value)

COVID-19- Group A vs. Control-Group I

3.4 (0.032)

2.0 (0.041)

2.8 (0.019)

2.1 (0.016)

COVID-19- Group A vs. Control-Group II

2.9 (0.011)

2.2 (0.020)

2.9 (0.040)

2.5 (0.001)

COVID-19- Group A vs. Control-Group III

2.2 (0.004)

2.5 (0.038)

3.1 (0.018)

3.0 (0.026)

COVID-19- Group B vs. Control-Group I

2.1 (0.022)

1.9 (0.025)

2.0 (0.039)

2.2 (0.024)

COVID-19- Group B vs. Control-Group II

2.3 (0.016)

2.1 (0.033)

2.3 (0.022)

2.4 (0.019)

COVID-19- Group B vs. Control-Group III

2.4 (0.017)

2.0 (0.009)

2.2 (0.004)

2.9 (0.010)

COVID-19- Group C vs. Control-Group I

1.2 (0.099)

1.4 (0.18)

1.1 (0.087)

1.0 (0.891)

COVID-19- Group C vs. Control-Group II

1.2 (0.084)

1.2 (0.082)

1.0 (0.530)

1.1 (0.787)

COVID-19- Group C vs. Control-Group III

1.3 (0.20)

1.0 (0.139)

1.2 (0.449)

1.4 (0.094)

  1. TLR toll-like receptor, COVID-19 Coronavirus diseases 2019, CI Confidence interval
  2. COVID-19-Group A; 30 subjects with COVID-19 infection with clinical symptoms and needing hospitalization. COVID-19-Group B; 30 subjects with COVID-19 infection with clinical symptoms, but without needing for hospitalization. COVID-19-Group C; 30 subjects with COVID-19 infection without clinical symptoms
  3. Control-Group I; Subjects without COVID-19, but hospitalized due to similar clinical symptoms as COVID-19 (such as coughing, fever, pain, etc.). Control-Group II; Subjects without COVID-19 and with similar clinical symptoms as COVID-19 (such as coughing, fever, pain, etc.), but without necessity for hospitalization. Control-Group III; Subjects without COVID-19, without any clinical symptoms, and without necessity for hospitalization