Table 3 Bivariate and multivariable analysis of CRPA cultures evaluating association between patient/facility characteristics and 90-day mortality

Demographic and clinical characteristics

 Male

1983 (98.6)

6019 (97.2)

1.97 (1.32–2.92)

–

Age category

  18–49

36 (1.8)

354 (5.7)

Reference

Reference

  50–64

378 (18.8)

1516 (24.5)

2.45 (1.71–3.52)

1.83 (1.24–2.69)

  65 + 

1598 (79.4)

4322 (69.8)

3.63 (2.57–5.14)

2.96 (2.04–4.29)

 Race

  White

1514 (75.3)

4908 (79.3)

Reference

–

  African American

469 (23.3)

1181 (19.1)

1.29 (1.15–1.45)

–

  Other*

29 (1.4)

103 (1.7)

0.91 (0.60–1.38)

–

 Ethnicity

  Non-Latine

1799 (89.4)

5737 (92.7)

Reference

–

  Latine

213 (10.6)

455 (7.3)

1.49 (1.26–1.77)

–

 Region

  South

861 (42.8)

2533 (40.9)

Reference

Reference

  Midwest

370 (18.4)

1334 (21.5)

0.82 (0.71–0.94)

0.77 (0.66–0.90)

  West

391 (19.4)

1377 (22.2)

0.84 (0.73–0.96)

0.85 (0.73–0.99)

  Northeast

242 (12.0)

707 (11.4)

1.01 (0.95–1.19)

0.83 (0.69–1.00)

  U.S. Territory

148 (7.4)

241 (3.9)

1.81 (1.45–2.25)

1.23 (0.96–1.58)

 Rurality

  Urban

1892 (94.0)

5733 (92.6)

Reference

–

  Rural

120 (6.0)

459 (7.4)

0.79 (0.64–0.98)

–

 Facility complexity

  High

1908 (94.8)

5578 (90.1)

Reference

–

  Low

104 (5.2)

614 (9.9)

0.50 (0.40–0.61)

–

 Care setting

  Outpatient

398 (19.8)

3117 (50.3)

Reference

Reference

  Long-term care

205 (10.2)

838 (13.5)

1.92 (01.59–2.31)

1.08 (0.86–1.36)

  Inpatient

1409 (70.0)

2237 (36.1)

4.93 (4.36–5.58)

2.95 (2.58–3.38)

 Specimen type

  Urine

758 (37.7)

3565 (57.6)

Reference

Reference

  Respiratory^‡

823 (40.9)

936 (15.1)

4.12 (3.66–4.56)

2.58 (2.25–2.96)

  Blood

91 (4.5)

93 (1.5)

4.60 (3.41–6.21)

2.82 (2.04–3.90)

  Other^†

340 (16.9)

1598 (25.8)

1.00 (0.87–1.15)

0.84 (0.72–0.98)

Co-morbidities

 Mean Charlson Score (SD)

6 (3.1)

4 (2.9)

 < 0.0001^§

1.13 (1.11–1.15)

 SCI/D

  No

1813 (90.1)

5083 (82.1)

Reference

Reference

  Yes

199 (9.9)

1109 (17.9)

0.50 (0.43–0.59)

0.64 (0.53–0.77)

Antibiotic exposure in previous 90 days

 Any antibiotics

  No

1409 (70.0)

3445 (55.6)

Reference

Reference

  Yes

603 (30.0)

2747 (44.40

0.54 (0.48–0.60)

0.58 (0.52–0.66)

 Fluoroquinolones

  No

1765 (87.7)

5098 (82.3)

Reference

–

  Yes

247 (12.3)

1094 (17.7)

0.65 (0.56–0.76)

–

 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins

  No

1960 (97.4)

5971 (96.4)

Reference

–

  Yes

52 (2.6)

221 (3.6)

0.72 (0.53–0.97)

–

 Carbapenems

  No

1999 (99.4)

6163 (99.5)

Reference

–

  Yes

13 (0.6)

29 (0.5)

1.38 (0.72–2.66)

–

 Length of stay 1 year prior to culture

  Mean, median (SD)

73, 38 (92.1)

42, 10 (75.6)

 < 0.0001^§

1.00 (1.00–1.00)