Table 5 Characteristics of retrospective studies on venous thromboembolism prediction models
From: Venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients and prediction model: a multicenter cohort study
Study | Country | Study type, time period | Total number of cases | Venous thromboembolism incidence rate | Prediction model | Performance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kampouri et al. | Switzerland | Retrospective, February 28th to April 30th, 2020 | 491 | 9.3% | Wells score for PE ≥ 2 points and D-dimer value ≥ 3,000 ng/mL | PPV: 18.2% NPV: 98.5 Accuracy: 0.905 |
Dujardin et al. | Netherlands | Retrospective, March 13th to April 9th, 2020 | 127 | 41.7% | Binary linear regression model; D-dimer is > 9 μg/mL and C-reactive protein > 280 mg/mL | Predicted probability: 92% |
Tsaplin et al. | Russia | Retrospective, April 30th to May 29th, 2020 | 168 | 6.5% | Modified Caprini score > 12; D-dimer > 3 upper limit of normal | Sensitivity: 73%; Specificity: 84% |
Spyropoulos et al. | United States | Retrospective, March 1st, 2020 to April 27th, 2020 | 9407 | 2.9% | The International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism and D‐Dimer (IMPROVE‐DD) risk assessment model | AUC: 70%; sensitivity: 97%; specificity: 22% |
Freund et al. | France, Spain, Belgium, Italy, Chile, and Canada | Retrospective, February 1st to April 10th, 2020 | 974 | 15% | Revised Geneva score and D-dimer [D-dimer below the age-adjusted threshold (i.e., 500 µg/mL under 50 years and age × 10 over 50 years)] | AUC: 0.81 |