Table 2 The distribution of zero-dose according to characteristics of mother–child pairs in Regions: 1–4 and Region: 5
From: Zero-dose children in Turkey: regional comparison of pooled data for the period 1990 to 2018
National | Regions 1–4* | Region 5: East | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | 95% CI | n | % | 95% CI | n | % | 95% CI | |
Total | 154 | 2.0 | 1.6–2.5 | 53 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.3 | 101 | 5.1 | 4.0–6.6 |
Survey year | |||||||||
1993 | 42 | 3.2 | 2.2–4.6 | 15 | 1.5 | 0.9–2.4 | 27 | 8.5 | 5.3–13.1 |
1998 | 50 | 3.8 | 2.5–5.8 | 14 | 1.4 | 0.7–2.8 | 36 | 11.0 | 6.7–17.5 |
2003 | 26 | 2.0 | 1.4–2.9 | 9 | 1.0 | 0.4–2.2 | 16 | 4.8 | 3.3–6.8 |
2008 | 15 | 1.2 | 0.8–1.8 | 7 | 0.7 | 0.3–1.5 | 8 | 2.6 | 1.6–4.2 |
2013 | 10 | 0.8 | 0.4–1.3 | 2 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.7 | 8 | 2.4 | 1.3–4.4 |
2018 | 11 | 0.9 | 0.4–1.9 | 6 | 0.6 | 0.2–1.8 | 6 | 1.7 | 0.6–4.6 |
Residence | |||||||||
Urban | 72 | 1.4 | 1.1–1.7 | 28 | 0.7 | 0.4–1.0 | 44 | 4.0 | 3.0–5.4 |
Rural | 81 | 3.4 | 2.5–4.7 | 24 | 1.6 | 1.0–2.5 | 57 | 6.5 | 4.4–9.5 |
Region | |||||||||
1. West | 18 | 0.7 | 0.4–1.2 | ||||||
2. South | 13 | 1.2 | 0.7–2.3 | ||||||
3. Central | 15 | 1.0 | 0.6–1.7 | ||||||
4. North | 6 | 1.3 | 0.6–2.8 | ||||||
5. East | 102 | 5.1 | 4.0–6.6 | ||||||
Household wealth | |||||||||
Poorest | 88 | 5.0 | 3.9–6.4 | 23 | 2.7 | 1.7–4.2 | 64 | 7.3 | 5.4–9.6 |
Poor | 37 | 2.2 | 1.6–3.1 | 12 | 1.0 | 0.5–2.0 | 25 | 5.0 | 3.4–7.4 |
Middle | 20 | 1.3 | 0.8–2.0 | 11 | 0.9 | 0.5–1.6 | 9 | 3.0 | 1.5–6.0 |
Rich | 6 | 0.4 | 0.2–0.9 | 4 | 0.4 | 0.1–1.0 | 1 | 0.8 | 0.2–3.1 |
Richest | 3 | 0.2 | 0.1–0.6 | 1 | 0.1 | 0.0–0.5 | 1 | 1.2 | 0.2–6.0 |
Mother’s level of education | |||||||||
No education/Prim. incomp | 107 | 5.9 | 4.8–7.3 | 30 | 3.9 | 2.5–5.9 | 78 | 7.5 | 5.9–9.5 |
Primary | 39 | 1.1 | 0.8–1.7 | 17 | 0.6 | 0.4–1.0 | 22 | 3.7 | 2.1–6.2 |
Secondary and higher | 7 | 0.3 | 0.2–0.6 | 6 | 0.3 | 0.1–0.6 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.2–1.3 |
Father’s level of education | |||||||||
No education/Prim. incomp | 40 | 6.4 | 4.6–8.7 | 7 | 2.7 | 1.1–6.3 | 32 | 9.2 | 6.7–12.6 |
Primary | 96 | 2.4 | 1.9–3.1 | 37 | 1.3 | 0.9–1.8 | 58 | 5.6 | 4.0–7.8 |
Secondary and higher | 18 | 0.6 | 0.4–0.9 | 8 | 0.3 | 0.2–0.7 | 9 | 1.6 | 0.9–2.9 |
DK/Missing | 1 | 2.9 | 0.7–11.2 | 1 | 7.9 | 1.9–27.9 | |||
Parental working status | |||||||||
At least one having social security | 32 | 0.7 | 0.5–1.0 | 21 | 0.6 | 0.3–0.9 | 11 | 1.6 | 1.0–2.7 |
Neither having social security | 117 | 3.7 | 2.9–4.7 | 29 | 1.5 | 1.0–2.3 | 88 | 7.1 | 5.4–9.2 |
Missing | 5 | 5.4 | 1.9–14.0 | 3 | 3.9 | 0.8–16.6 | 2 | 9.9 | 2.8–29.2 |
Health insurance | |||||||||
Yes | 96 | 3.9 | 3.0–5.1 | 27 | 1.7 | 1.1–2.5 | 68 | 8.8 | 6.6–11.8 |
No | 55 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.4 | 24 | 0.6 | 0.4–0.9 | 30 | 2.5 | 1.9–3.5 |
DK/Missing | 3 | 12.4 | 4.4–30.4 | 1 | 4.5 | 0.6–27.0 | 3 | 22.3 | 6.5–54.4 |
Bride payment | |||||||||
No | 56 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.2 | 33 | 0.7 | 0.4–1.0 | 23 | 2.2 | 1.5–3.3 |
Yes | 98 | 5.8 | 4.5–7.5 | 20 | 2.6 | 1.6–4.3 | 78 | 8.4 | 6.3–11.1 |
Arranged marriage | |||||||||
By themselves | 38 | 1.1 | 0.8–1.5 | 16 | 0.6 | 0.3–1.0 | 22 | 3.0 | 2.0–4.4 |
By families | 106 | 2.7 | 2.1–3.5 | 32 | 1.2 | 0.8–1.7 | 75 | 6.4 | 4.7–8.6 |
Escaped/Abducted/Other | 9 | 2.5 | 1.3–4.6 | 5 | 1.7 | 0.7–4.2 | 4 | 7.4 | 3.3–15.6 |
Mother’s native language | |||||||||
Turkish | 50 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.2 | 42 | 0.9 | 0.6–1.2 | 8 | 1.4 | 0.7–2.7 |
Kurdish, but also speaking Turkish | 47 | 3.3 | 2.3–4.6 | 7 | 1.4 | 0.6–3.2 | 40 | 4.4 | 3.1–6.2 |
Kurdish, not speaking Turkish | 46 | 13.0 | 10.0–16.8 | 2 | 7.5 | 1.8–26.2 | 45 | 13.4 | 10.2–17.3 |
Other, unknown | 10 | 2.8 | 1.4–5.6 | 2 | 0.7 | 0.1–5.0 | 9 | 5.7 | 2.7–11.5 |
Mother’s age at the birth (year) | |||||||||
< 20 | 16 | 1.9 | 1.1–3.3 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.1–1.0 | 15 | 6.7 | 3.8–11.6 |
20–34 | 111 | 1.8 | 1.4–2.3 | 10 | 2.1 | 1.1–4.3 | 16 | 6.8 | 4.3–10.5 |
≥ 35 | 26 | 3.7 | 2.5–5.4 | 41 | 0.9 | 0.6–1.2 | 71 | 4.7 | 3.5–6.2 |
Gender | |||||||||
Male | 75 | 1.9 | 1.4–2.5 | 23 | 0.8 | 0.5–1.2 | 52 | 5.1 | 3.6–7.0 |
Female | 79 | 2.1 | 1.6–2.7 | 30 | 1.1 | 0.7–1.6 | 49 | 5.2 | 3.9–7.0 |
Child’s age (months) | |||||||||
12–23 | 75 | 1.9 | 1.5–2.5 | 23 | 0.8 | 0.5–1.2 | 52 | 5.2 | 3.8–7.0 |
24–35 | 79 | 2.1 | 1.6–2.7 | 30 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.6 | 49 | 5.1 | 3.6–7.2 |
Parity and birth interval | |||||||||
1st child | 30 | 1.1 | 0.7–1.7 | 8 | 0.4 | 0.2–0.8 | 22 | 4.6 | 2.8–7.5 |
2nd child, interval < 24 months | 15 | 2.9 | 1.6–5.2 | 5 | 1.5 | 0.5–4.0 | 9 | 6.3 | 3.1–12.7 |
2nd child, interval ≥ 24 months | 17 | 1.0 | 0.6–1.6 | 11 | 0.8 | 0.4–1.3 | 6 | 2.3 | 1.1–4.8 |
≥ 3rd child, interval < 24 months | 29 | 4.7 | 3.2–6.9 | 5 | 1.8 | 0.7–4.6 | 24 | 7.4 | 4.9–11.1 |
≥ 3rd child, interval ≥ 24 months | 63 | 2.9 | 2.2–3.8 | 22 | 1.6 | 1.0–2.6 | 40 | 5.2 | 3.9–6.9 |
Number of antenatal care visits | |||||||||
No antenatal visits | 92 | 7.4 | 5.7–9.7 | 20 | 3.2 | 1.9–5.2 | 73 | 11.7 | 8.8–15.6 |
< 4 | 25 | 1.8 | 1.2–2.7 | 15 | 1.6 | 0.9–2.8 | 10 | 2.2 | 1.2–4.2 |
≥ 4 or more | 27 | 0.6 | 0.4–0.8 | 14 | 0.4 | 0.2–0.6 | 13 | 1.8 | 1.0–3.0 |
DK/missing | 10 | 2.0 | 1.1–3.7 | 3 | 1.2 | 0.4–3.5 | 6 | 3.1 | 1.4–6.6 |
Place of delivery | |||||||||
Hospital | 64 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.3 | 26 | 0.5 | 0.3–0.8 | 38 | 2.9 | 2.1–4.0 |
Home | 89 | 7.1 | 5.4–9.3 | 26 | 4.4 | 2.8–6.8 | 64 | 9.6 | 6.9–13.3 |
Maternal tetanos vaccination during pregnancy** | |||||||||
No | 81 | 5.7 | 4.2–7.8 | 21 | 2.2 | 1.3–3.6 | 61 | 12.9 | 9.3–17.7 |
Yes | 11 | 0.9 | 0.5–1.6 | 8 | 0.8 | 0.4–1.6 | 3 | 1.5 | 0.5–4.7 |