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Table 1 Percentage and frequency distribution of the characteristics of survey population

From: Zero-dose children in Turkey: regional comparison of pooled data for the period 1990 to 2018

 

National

Regions: 1–4

Region: 5: East

n*

n** (%)

n*

n** (%)

n*

n** (%)

Total

8198

7693 (100)

5332

5725 (100)

2866

1968 (100)

Zero-dose children

 Yes

185

154 (2.0)

53

53 (0.9)

132

10 (5.1)

 No

8013

7539 (98.0)

5279

5672 (99.1)

2734

1867 (94.9)

Survey year

 1993

1346

1330 (17.3)

1086

1006 (17.6)

260

324 (16.5)

 1998

1308

1312 (17.0)

925

986 (17.2)

383

326 (16.6)

 2003

1669

1268 (16.5)

953

924 (16.1)

716

343 (17.4)

 2008

1490

1284 (16.7)

869

966 (16.9)

621

318 (16.2)

 2013

1374

1266 (16.5)

852

938 (16.4)

522

328 (16.7)

 2018

1011

1232 (16.0)

647

905 (15.8)

364

329 (16.7)

Residence

 Urban

5473

5322 (69.2)

3767

4228 (73.9)

1706

1095 (55.6)

 Rural

2725

2370 (30.8)

1565

1496 (26.1)

1160

873 (44.4)

Region

 1. West

1711

2578 (33.5)

    

 2. South

1233

1055 (13.7)

    

 3. Central

1450

1577 (20.5)

    

 4. North

938

515 (6.7)

    

 5. East

2866

1968 (25.6)

    

Household wealth

 Poorest

2168

1753 (22.8)

893

866 (15.1)

1275

887 (45.1)

 Poor

1873

1700 (22.1)

1159

1200 (21.0)

714

500 (25.4)

 Middle

1618

1586 (20.6)

1203

1293 (22.6)

415

292 (14.8)

 Rich

1371

1349 (17.5)

1081

1176 (20.5)

290

172 (8.7)

 Richest

1168

1305 (17.0)

996

1188 (20.8)

172

116 (5.9)

Mother’s level of education

 No education/Prim. incomp

2189

1807 (23.5)

744

770 (13.4)

1445

1037 (52.7)

 Primary

3595

3409 (44.3)

2668

2805 (49.0)

927

604 (30.7)

 Secondary and higher

2414

2477 (32.2)

1920

2150 (37.6)

494

328 (16.7)

Father’s level of education

 No education/Prim. incomp

718

620 (8.1)

237

268 (4.7)

481

351 (17.8)

 Primary

4155

3947 (51.3)

2701

2907 (50.8)

1454

1039 (52.8)

 Secondary and higher

3286

3093 (40.2)

2375

2528 (44.2)

911

565 (28.7)

 DK/Missing

39

34 (0.4)

19

21 (0.4)

20

12 (0.6)

Parental working status

 At least one having social security

4438

4440 (57.7)

3400

3735 (65.2)

1038

705 (35.8)

 Neither having social security

3664

3161 (41.1)

1871

1920 (33.5)

1793

1241 (63.1)

 Missing

96

92 (1.2)

61

70 (1.2)

35

22 (1.1)

Health insurance

 No

2652

2435 (31.7)

1617

1660 (29.0)

1035

774 (39.3)

 Yes

5520

5231 (68.0)

3701

4049 (70.7)

1819

1182 (60.1)

 DK/Missing

26

26 (0.3)

14

15 (0.3)

12

12 (0.6)

Bride payment

 No

6183

6004 (78.0)

4648

4971 (86.8)

1535

1034 (52.5)

 Yes

2015

1689 (22.0)

684

755 (13.2)

1331

934 (47.5)

Arranged marriage

 By themselves

3585

3420 (44.5)

2432

2683 (46.9)

1153

737 (37.4)

 By families

4233

3898 (50.7)

2604

2721 (47.5)

1629

1178 (59.9)

 Escaped/Abducted/Other

380

375 (4.9)

296

322 (5.6)

84

53 (2.7)

Mother’s native language

 Turkish

5571

5539 (72.0)

4689

4972 (86.8)

882

567 (28.8)

 Kurdish, but also speaking Turkish

1763

1441 (18.7)

426

524 (9.2)

1337

917 (46.6)

 Kurdish, not speaking Turkish

471

355 (4.6)

22

22 (0.4)

449

334 (17.0)

 Other, unknown

393

358 (4.7)

195

207 (3.6)

198

151 (7.7)

Mother’s age at the birth (year)

 < 20

900

852 (11.1)

599

633 (11.1)

301

218 (11.1)

 20–34

6524

6120 (79.6)

437

485 (8.5)

337

234 (11.9)

 ≥ 35

774

720 (9.4)

4296

4605 (80.4)

2228

1516 (77.0)

Gender

 Male

4228

3961 (51.5)

2751

2933 (51.2)

1477

1028 (52.2)

 Female

3970

3732 (48.5)

2581

2792 (48.8)

1389

940 (47.8)

Child’s age (months)

 12–23

4139

3876 (50.4)

2683

2873 (50.2)

1456

1003 (51.0)

 24–35

4059

3817 (49.6)

2649

2852 (49.8)

1410

965 (49.0)

Parity and birth interval

 1st child

2745

2679 (34.8)

2053

2211 (38.6)

692

468 (23.8)

 2nd child, interval < 24 months

557

518 (6.7)

348

368 (6.4)

209

149 (7.6)

 2nd child, interval ≥ 24 months

1716

1711 (22.2)

1325

1459 (25.5)

391

252 (12.8)

 ≥ 3rd child, interval < 24 months

738

624 (8.1)

283

302 (5.3)

455

322 (16.4)

 ≥ 3rd child, interval ≥ 24 months

2442

2161 (28.1)

1323

1383 (24.2)

1119

777 (39.5)

Number of antenatal care visits

 No antenatal visits

1460

1243 (16.2)

656

625 (10.9)

804

619 (31.5)

 1–3

1633

1395 (18.1)

971

963 (16.8)

662

432 (22.0)

 ≥ 4 or more

4565

4570 (59.4)

3474

3854 (67.3)

1091

716 (36.4)

 DK/missing

540

485 (6.3)

231

282 (4.9)

309

202 (10.3)

Place of delivery

 Hospital

6722

6441 (83.7)

4702

5124 (89.5)

2020

1314 (66.8)

 Home

1476

1251 (16.3)

630

600 (10.5)

846

655 (33.3)

Maternal tetanos vaccination during pregnancy#

 No

1332

1414 (53.5)

885

946 (47.5)

447

469 (72.0)

 Yes

1322

1228 (46.5)

1126

1046 (52.5)

196

182 (28.0)

  1. *Unweighted count, **Weighted count
  2. #Data were present in 1993 and 1998 survey