From: Zero-dose children in Turkey: regional comparison of pooled data for the period 1990 to 2018
National | Regions: 1–4 | Region: 5: East | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n* | n** (%) | n* | n** (%) | n* | n** (%) | |
Total | 8198 | 7693 (100) | 5332 | 5725 (100) | 2866 | 1968 (100) |
Zero-dose children | ||||||
Yes | 185 | 154 (2.0) | 53 | 53 (0.9) | 132 | 10 (5.1) |
No | 8013 | 7539 (98.0) | 5279 | 5672 (99.1) | 2734 | 1867 (94.9) |
Survey year | ||||||
1993 | 1346 | 1330 (17.3) | 1086 | 1006 (17.6) | 260 | 324 (16.5) |
1998 | 1308 | 1312 (17.0) | 925 | 986 (17.2) | 383 | 326 (16.6) |
2003 | 1669 | 1268 (16.5) | 953 | 924 (16.1) | 716 | 343 (17.4) |
2008 | 1490 | 1284 (16.7) | 869 | 966 (16.9) | 621 | 318 (16.2) |
2013 | 1374 | 1266 (16.5) | 852 | 938 (16.4) | 522 | 328 (16.7) |
2018 | 1011 | 1232 (16.0) | 647 | 905 (15.8) | 364 | 329 (16.7) |
Residence | ||||||
Urban | 5473 | 5322 (69.2) | 3767 | 4228 (73.9) | 1706 | 1095 (55.6) |
Rural | 2725 | 2370 (30.8) | 1565 | 1496 (26.1) | 1160 | 873 (44.4) |
Region | ||||||
1. West | 1711 | 2578 (33.5) | ||||
2. South | 1233 | 1055 (13.7) | ||||
3. Central | 1450 | 1577 (20.5) | ||||
4. North | 938 | 515 (6.7) | ||||
5. East | 2866 | 1968 (25.6) | ||||
Household wealth | ||||||
Poorest | 2168 | 1753 (22.8) | 893 | 866 (15.1) | 1275 | 887 (45.1) |
Poor | 1873 | 1700 (22.1) | 1159 | 1200 (21.0) | 714 | 500 (25.4) |
Middle | 1618 | 1586 (20.6) | 1203 | 1293 (22.6) | 415 | 292 (14.8) |
Rich | 1371 | 1349 (17.5) | 1081 | 1176 (20.5) | 290 | 172 (8.7) |
Richest | 1168 | 1305 (17.0) | 996 | 1188 (20.8) | 172 | 116 (5.9) |
Mother’s level of education | ||||||
No education/Prim. incomp | 2189 | 1807 (23.5) | 744 | 770 (13.4) | 1445 | 1037 (52.7) |
Primary | 3595 | 3409 (44.3) | 2668 | 2805 (49.0) | 927 | 604 (30.7) |
Secondary and higher | 2414 | 2477 (32.2) | 1920 | 2150 (37.6) | 494 | 328 (16.7) |
Father’s level of education | ||||||
No education/Prim. incomp | 718 | 620 (8.1) | 237 | 268 (4.7) | 481 | 351 (17.8) |
Primary | 4155 | 3947 (51.3) | 2701 | 2907 (50.8) | 1454 | 1039 (52.8) |
Secondary and higher | 3286 | 3093 (40.2) | 2375 | 2528 (44.2) | 911 | 565 (28.7) |
DK/Missing | 39 | 34 (0.4) | 19 | 21 (0.4) | 20 | 12 (0.6) |
Parental working status | ||||||
At least one having social security | 4438 | 4440 (57.7) | 3400 | 3735 (65.2) | 1038 | 705 (35.8) |
Neither having social security | 3664 | 3161 (41.1) | 1871 | 1920 (33.5) | 1793 | 1241 (63.1) |
Missing | 96 | 92 (1.2) | 61 | 70 (1.2) | 35 | 22 (1.1) |
Health insurance | ||||||
No | 2652 | 2435 (31.7) | 1617 | 1660 (29.0) | 1035 | 774 (39.3) |
Yes | 5520 | 5231 (68.0) | 3701 | 4049 (70.7) | 1819 | 1182 (60.1) |
DK/Missing | 26 | 26 (0.3) | 14 | 15 (0.3) | 12 | 12 (0.6) |
Bride payment | ||||||
No | 6183 | 6004 (78.0) | 4648 | 4971 (86.8) | 1535 | 1034 (52.5) |
Yes | 2015 | 1689 (22.0) | 684 | 755 (13.2) | 1331 | 934 (47.5) |
Arranged marriage | ||||||
By themselves | 3585 | 3420 (44.5) | 2432 | 2683 (46.9) | 1153 | 737 (37.4) |
By families | 4233 | 3898 (50.7) | 2604 | 2721 (47.5) | 1629 | 1178 (59.9) |
Escaped/Abducted/Other | 380 | 375 (4.9) | 296 | 322 (5.6) | 84 | 53 (2.7) |
Mother’s native language | ||||||
Turkish | 5571 | 5539 (72.0) | 4689 | 4972 (86.8) | 882 | 567 (28.8) |
Kurdish, but also speaking Turkish | 1763 | 1441 (18.7) | 426 | 524 (9.2) | 1337 | 917 (46.6) |
Kurdish, not speaking Turkish | 471 | 355 (4.6) | 22 | 22 (0.4) | 449 | 334 (17.0) |
Other, unknown | 393 | 358 (4.7) | 195 | 207 (3.6) | 198 | 151 (7.7) |
Mother’s age at the birth (year) | ||||||
< 20 | 900 | 852 (11.1) | 599 | 633 (11.1) | 301 | 218 (11.1) |
20–34 | 6524 | 6120 (79.6) | 437 | 485 (8.5) | 337 | 234 (11.9) |
≥ 35 | 774 | 720 (9.4) | 4296 | 4605 (80.4) | 2228 | 1516 (77.0) |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 4228 | 3961 (51.5) | 2751 | 2933 (51.2) | 1477 | 1028 (52.2) |
Female | 3970 | 3732 (48.5) | 2581 | 2792 (48.8) | 1389 | 940 (47.8) |
Child’s age (months) | ||||||
12–23 | 4139 | 3876 (50.4) | 2683 | 2873 (50.2) | 1456 | 1003 (51.0) |
24–35 | 4059 | 3817 (49.6) | 2649 | 2852 (49.8) | 1410 | 965 (49.0) |
Parity and birth interval | ||||||
1st child | 2745 | 2679 (34.8) | 2053 | 2211 (38.6) | 692 | 468 (23.8) |
2nd child, interval < 24 months | 557 | 518 (6.7) | 348 | 368 (6.4) | 209 | 149 (7.6) |
2nd child, interval ≥ 24 months | 1716 | 1711 (22.2) | 1325 | 1459 (25.5) | 391 | 252 (12.8) |
≥ 3rd child, interval < 24 months | 738 | 624 (8.1) | 283 | 302 (5.3) | 455 | 322 (16.4) |
≥ 3rd child, interval ≥ 24 months | 2442 | 2161 (28.1) | 1323 | 1383 (24.2) | 1119 | 777 (39.5) |
Number of antenatal care visits | ||||||
No antenatal visits | 1460 | 1243 (16.2) | 656 | 625 (10.9) | 804 | 619 (31.5) |
1–3 | 1633 | 1395 (18.1) | 971 | 963 (16.8) | 662 | 432 (22.0) |
≥ 4 or more | 4565 | 4570 (59.4) | 3474 | 3854 (67.3) | 1091 | 716 (36.4) |
DK/missing | 540 | 485 (6.3) | 231 | 282 (4.9) | 309 | 202 (10.3) |
Place of delivery | ||||||
Hospital | 6722 | 6441 (83.7) | 4702 | 5124 (89.5) | 2020 | 1314 (66.8) |
Home | 1476 | 1251 (16.3) | 630 | 600 (10.5) | 846 | 655 (33.3) |
Maternal tetanos vaccination during pregnancy# | ||||||
No | 1332 | 1414 (53.5) | 885 | 946 (47.5) | 447 | 469 (72.0) |
Yes | 1322 | 1228 (46.5) | 1126 | 1046 (52.5) | 196 | 182 (28.0) |