Table 3 Presentation and comparisons of treatments, outcomes, and symptoms
From: Comparison of the clinical presentation across two waves of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Wave | Critical disease | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All patients (N = 311) | Wave 1 (N = 157) | Wave 2 (N = 154) | p-value | Yes (N = 54) | No (N = 257) | p-value | |
Treatment and outcomes | |||||||
Critical disease, N/total N (%) | 54/311 (17.20) | 45/157 (28.66) | 9/154 (5.84) | < 0.0005 | |||
Fatal disease, N/total N (%) | 31/311 (9.97) | 25/157 (15.92) | 6/154 (3.90) | < 0.0005 | 31/54 (57.41) | ||
ICU care, N/total N (%) | 31/311 (9.97) | 25/157 (15.92) | 6/154 (3.90) | < 0.0005 | 31/54 (57.41) | ||
Days at ICU, median (IQR) | 12 (4–20) | 12 (5–18) | 16 (2–45) | 0.62 | 12 (4–20) | ||
Oxygen, N/total N (%) | 168/311 (54.02) | 91/157 (57.96) | 77/154 (50.00) | 0.17 | 52/54 (96.30) | 116/257 (45.14) | < 0.0005 |
Days with oxygen supplement, median (IQR) N = 168 | 5 (2–11) | 8 (3–12) | 4 (2–7) | 0.0042 | 10 (5–19) | 4 (2–8) | < 0.0005 |
Mechanical ventilation, N/total N (%) | 24/311 (7.72) | 20/157 (12.74) | 4/154 (2.60) | 0.001 | 24/54 (44.44) | ||
Days with mechanical ventilation, median (IQR) N = 24 | 14 (7–21) | 13 (7–19) | 28 (7.5–46.5) | 0.49 | 14 (7–21) | ||
Length of hospitalization, median (IQR) | 4 (0–9) | 5 (1–13) | 3 (0–7) | 0.01 | 18 (9–27) | 2 (0–6) | < 0.0005 |
Long hospitalization, N/total N (%) | 83/311 (26.69) | 54/157 (34.39) | 29/154 (18.83) | 0.002 | 45/54 (75.93) | 42/257 (16.34) | < 0.0005 |
Days from onset of symptoms to admission, median (IQR) N = 292 | 4 (2–8) | 6 (2–9) | 3 (1–6) | 0.0071 | 2 (1–7) | 5 (2–8) | 0.04 |
Readmission, N/total N (%) | 62/311 (19.94) | 28/157 (17.83) | 34/154 (22.08) | 0.35 | 12/54 (22.22) | 50/257 (19.46) | 0.64 |
Symptoms N/total N (%) | |||||||
Fever | 216/311 (69.45) | 125/157 (79.62) | 91/154 (59.09) | < 0.0005 | 45/54 (83.33) | 171/257 (66.54) | 0.015 |
Runny nose | 17/311 (5.47) | 10/157 (6.37) | 7/154 (4.55) | 0.62 | 3/54 (5.56) | 14/257 (5.45) | 1 |
Cough | 175/311 (56.27) | 112/157 (71.34) | 63/154 (40.91) | < 0.0005 | 35/54 (64.81) | 140/257 (54.47) | 0.16 |
Sore throat | 30/311 (9.65) | 18/157 (11.46) | 12/154 (7.79) | 0.34 | 4/54 (7.41) | 26/257 (10.12) | 0.80 |
Shortness of breath/dyspnea | 176/311 (56.59) | 105/157 (66.88) | 71/154 (46.10) | < 0.0005 | 47/54 (87.04) | 129/257 (50.19) | < 0.0005 |
Headache | 60/311 (19.29) | 24/157 (15.29) | 36/154 (23.38) | 0.071 | 11/54 (20.37) | 49/257 (19.07) | 0.83 |
Muscle aches/myalgia | 63/311 (20.26) | 34/157 (21.66) | 29/154 (18.83) | 0.54 | 9/54 (16.67) | 54/257 (21.01) | 0.47 |
Diarrhea | 58/311 (18.65) | 30/157 (19.11) | 28/154 (18.18) | 0.89 | 8/54 (14.81) | 50/257 (19.46) | 0.56 |
Malaise | 81/311 (26.05) | 38/157 (24.20) | 43/154 (27.92) | 0.46 | 17/54 (31.48) | 64/257 (24.90) | 0.32 |
Nausea | 43/311 (13.83) | 14/157 (8.92) | 29/154 (18.83) | 0.013 | 3/54 (5.56) | 40/257 (15.56) | 0.053 |
Vomiting | 32/311 (10.29) | 15/157 (9.55) | 17/154 (11.04) | 0.71 | 2/54 (3.70) | 30/257 (11.67) | 0.088 |
Tiredness | 66/311 (21.22) | 40/157 (25.48) | 26/154 (16.88) | 0.064 | 16/54 (29.63) | 50/257 (19.46) | 0.096 |