Table 2 Presentation and comparisons of vital signs and laboratory results at hospital presentation
From: Comparison of the clinical presentation across two waves of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Wave | Critical disease | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All patients (N = 311) | Wave 1 (N = 157) | Wave 2 (N = 154) | p-value | Yes (N = 54) | No (N = 257) | p-value | |
Vitals at hospital presentation | |||||||
Temperature ≥ 38, N/total N (%) | 118/299 (39.46) | 73/150 (48.67) | 45/149 (30.20) | 0.001 | 29/54 (53.70) | 89/245 (36.33) | 0.018 |
Oxygen saturation, median (IQR) N = 298 | 96 (94–98) | 96 (94–98) | 97 (95–99) | 0.03 | 95 (93–97) | 97 (95–99) | 0.0001 |
Respiratory rate, median (IQR) N = 297 | 20 (18–24) | 20 (18–24) | 20 (18–24) | 0.23 | 24 (20–28) | 20 (18–24) | 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure, median (IQR) N = 290 | 134 (122–151) | 136 (122–155) | 133 (122–147.5) | 0.35 | 131 (118–145) | 135 (122–153) | 0.13 |
Diastolic blood pressure, median (IQR) N = 288 | 76 (68–87) | 75.5 (67–87) | 76.5 (70–87) | 0.36 | 71 (60–81) | 77 (70–87) | 0.0053 |
Pulse, median (IQR) N = 297 | 87 (75–98) | 86 (74–97) | 88 (75–99) | 0.34 | 83.5 (73–100) | 87 (75–98) | 0.68 |
Laboratory findings at hospital presentation | |||||||
C-reactive protein (CRP) (mg/l; normal range < 8), median (IQR), N = 268 | 39 (12.35–95) | 41.4 (16.9–105.5) | 32.5 (7.65–91) | 0.084 | 76.5 (33–131) | 31.5 (10.1–80) | 0.0001 |
Lactate Dehydrogenase (U/l; normal range 105–205), median (IQR), N = 175 | 236 (194–315) | 245 (196–328) | 235 (194–300) | 0.52 | 251.5 (209.5–336) | 234 (192–310) | 0.17 |
Lymphocytes (× 109/l; normal range 1.3–3.5), median (IQR), N = 254 | 0.98 (0.69–1.41) | 1.02 (0.69–1.38) | 0.95 (0.69–1.41) | 0.72 | 0.91 (0.58–1.3) | 1.03 (0.7–1.41) | 0.26 |
Leucocytes (× 109/l; normal range 3.5–10), median (IQR) N = 270 | 5.9 (4.6–8.4) | 6.05 (4.7–9.1) | 5.75 (4.55–7.75) | 0.085 | 6.5 (4.5–9.1) | 5.9 (4.6–8.2) | 0.21 |
Thrombocytes (× 109/l; normal range 165–400 females, 145–350 males), median (IQR), N = 234 | 199 (153–255) | 210 (155–276) | 193 (142–245) | 0.071 | 183 (136–258) | 204 (155–248) | 0.37 |
Hemoglobin (mmol/l; normal range females 7.3–9.5, males 8.3–10.5), median (IQR), N = 264 | 8.2 (7.3–8.9) | 8.2 (7.2–8.8) | 8.3 (7.6–9) | 0.11 | 7.6 (6.8–8.6) | 8.3 (7.6–9) | 0.0094 |
Alanine aminotransferase (U/l; normal range 10–45), median (IQR), N = 212 | 25 (18–37.5) | 26.5 (18–40.5) | 23.5 (17.5–34) | 0.31 | 21 (16–40) | 25 (18–37) | 0.51 |
Bilirubin (µmol/l; normal range 5–25), median (IQR), N = 199 | 9 (7–11) | 9 (7–11) | 9 (7–12) | 0.41 | 9 (7–12.5) | 9 (7–11) | 0.67 |
Alkaline phosphatase (U/l; normal range 35–105), median (IQR), N = 232 | 75.5 (62–94) | 76.5 (63.5–94.5) | 72.5 (60–93.5) | 0.33 | 74 (56–98) | 76 (63–93) | 0.74 |
Creatinine (µmol/l, normal range 45–90), median (IQR), N = 267 | 81 (64–108) | 82.5 (70.5–111) | 79 (62–100) | 0.065 | 94 (80–128) | 79 (62–100) | 0.0001 |
Potassium (mmol/l; normal range 3.5–4.6), median (IQR), N = 265 | 3.9 (3.6–4.2) | 3.8 (3.6–4.2) | 3.9 (3.6–4.2) | 0.90 | 3.9 (3.6–4.3) | 3.8 (3.6–4.1) | 0.21 |
Sodium (mmol/l; normal range 137–145), median (IQR), N = 266 | 138 (136–140) | 138 (136–140) | 138 (136–140) | 0.21 | 137 (135–139) | 138 (136–140) | 0.09 |