From: Comparison of the clinical presentation across two waves of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Wave | Critical disease | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All patients (N = 311) | Wave 1 (N = 157) | Wave 2 (N = 154) | p-value | Yes (N = 54) | No (N = 257) | p-value | |
Socio demographics and lifestyle information | |||||||
Age, Median (IQR) (N = 314) | 64 (50–77) | 65 (51–78) | 63.5 (47–77) | 0.27 | 74.5 (67–83) | 61 (47–75) | < 0.0005 |
Age distribution N/total N (%) | 0.49 | < 0.0005 | |||||
0–9 | 10/311 (3.22) | 2/157 (1.27) | 8/154 (5.19) | 0/54 | 10/257 (3.89) | ||
10–19 | 4/311 (1.29) | 2/157 (1.27) | 2/154 (1.30) | 0/54 | 4/257 (1.56) | ||
20–29 | 11/311 (3.54) | 4/157 (2.55) | 7/154 (4.55) | 1/54 (1.85) | 10/257 (3.89) | ||
30–39 | 22/311 (7.07) | 9/157 (5.73) | 13/154 (8.44) | 0/54 | 22/257 (8.56) | ||
40–49 | 29/311 (9.32) | 17/157 (10.83) | 12/154 (7.79) | 1/54 (1.85) | 28/257 (10.89) | ||
50–59 | 52/311 (16.72) | 25/157 (15.92) | 27/154 (17.53) | 4/54 (7.41) | 48/257 (18.68) | ||
60–69 | 60/311 (19.29) | 33/157 (21.02) | 27/154 (17.53) | 13/54 (24.07) | 47/257 (18.29) | ||
70–79 | 63/311 (20.26) | 34/157 (21.66) | 29/154 (18.83) | 18/54 (33.33) | 45/257 (17.51) | ||
80–89 | 48/311 (15.43) | 23/157 (14.65) | 25/154 (16.23) | 11/54 (20.37) | 37/257 (14.40) | ||
90 + | 12/311 (3.86) | 8/157 (5.10) | 4/154 (2.60) | 6/54 (11.11) | 6/257 (2.33) | ||
Gender N/total N (%) | 0.95 | 0.003 | |||||
Female | 150/311 (48.23) | 76/157 (48.41) | 74/154 (48.05) | 16/54 (29.63) | 134/257 (52.14) | ||
Male | 161/311 (51.77) | 81/157 (51.59) | 80/154 (51.95) | 38/54 (70.37) | 123/257 (47.86) | ||
Smoking N/total N (%) (N = 195) | 0.94 | < 0.0005 | |||||
Present smoker | 19/195 (9.74) | 11/106 (10.38) | 8/89 (8.99) | 6/46 (13.04) | 13/149 (8.72) | ||
Previous smoker | 79/195 (40.51) | 43/106 (40.57) | 36/89 (40.45) | 29/46 (63.04) | 50/149 (33.56) | ||
Never smoker | 97/195 (49.74) | 52/106 (49.06) | 45/89 (50.56) | 11/46 (23.91) | 86/149 (57.72) | ||
Body Mass Index (BMI), Median (IQR) (N = 198) | 27.17 (22.86–32.05) | 27.20 (23.41–31.95) | 27.10 (22.77–32.05) | 0.75 | 26.44 (22.71–31.35) | 27.33 (23.41–32.27) | 0.44 |
Comorbidities | |||||||
Comorbidity N/total N (%) | 248/311 (79.44) | 121/157 (77.07) | 127/154 (82.47) | 0.24 | 51/54 (94.44) | 197/257 (76.65) | 0.003 |
Comorbidity burden N/total N (%) | 0.28 | < 0.0005 | |||||
Single comorbidity | 67/311 (21.54) | 29/157 (18.47) | 38/154 (24.68) | 3/54 (5.56) | 64/257 (24.90) | ||
Multiple comorbidities | 181/311 (58.20) | 92/157 (58.60) | 89/154 (57.79) | 48/54 (88.89) | 133/257 (51.75) | ||
Specific comorbidities N/total N (%) | |||||||
Asthma | 24/311 (7.72) | 9/157 (5.73) | 15/154 (9.74) | 0.21 | 5/54 (9.26) | 19/257 (7.39) | 0.58 |
Stroke or transient ischemic attack | 23/311 (7.40) | 6/157 (3.82) | 17/154 (11.04) | 0.017 | 5/54 (9.26) | 18/257 (7.00) | 0.57 |
Coronary heart disease/Ischemic heart disease | 59/311 (18.97) | 28/157 (17.83) | 31/154 (20.13) | 0.67 | 19/54 (35.19) | 40/257 (15.56) | 0.002 |
Psychiatric disorder | 37/311 (11.90) | 17/157 (10.83) | 20/154 (12.99) | 0.60 | 5/54 (9.26) | 32/257 (12.45) | 0.65 |
Diabetes mellitus | 53/311 (17.04) | 27/157 (17.20) | 26/154 (16.88) | 1 | 13/54 (24.07) | 40/257 (15.56) | 0.16 |
Hypertension | 102/311 (32.80) | 58/157 (36.94) | 44/154 (28.57) | 0.12 | 28/54 (51.85) | 74/257 (28.79) | 0.001 |
Chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 45/311 (14.47) | 27/157 (17.20) | 18/154 (11.69) | 0.20 | 16/54 (29.62) | 29/257 (11.28) | 0.001 |
Cancer | 42/311 (13.50) | 31/157 (19.75) | 11/154 (7.14) | 0.001 | 17/54 (31.48) | 25/257 (9.73) | < 0.0005 |
Rheumatoid arthritis and connective tissue diseases | 21/311 (6.75) | 13/157 (8.28) | 8/154 (5.19) | 0.37 | 6/54 (11.11) | 15/257 (5.84) | 0.23 |
Neurological disease (eg. epilepsy, sclerosis) | 22/311 (7.07) | 16/157 (10.19) | 6/154 (3.90) | 0.045 | 9/54 (16.67) | 13/257 (5.06) | 0.006 |
Osteoarthritis | 20/311 (6.43) | 16/157 (10.19) | 4/154 (2.60) | 0.009 | 8/54 (14.81) | 12/257 (4.67) | 0.012 |
Metabolic diseases (eg. hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism) | 31/311 (9.97) | 25/157 (15.92) | 6/154 (3.90) | < 0.0005 | 10/54 (18.52) | 21/257 (8.17) | 0.041 |
Nephrological and urological diseases | 54/311 (17.36) | 35/157 (22.29) | 19/154 (12.34) | 0.025 | 19/54 (35.19) | 35/257 (13.62) | 0.001 |