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Table 3 Difference in simulation outcomes estimated by regression when compared to baseline

From: Testing and vaccination to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in nursing homes: an agent-based approach

Parameter

Days to eradication

Attack rate

Total infected

Infected residents

Infected staff

Hospitalizations

Deaths

Baseline

106.46 (99.9, 112.88)

0.29 (0.26, 0.31)

98.5 (90, 106)

60 (54.5, 65)

38 (35, 41)

25.5 (23, 27.5)

3 (2.5, 3.5)

Transmission probability

 Low transmission (0.304)

\(-\) 19.96(\(-\) 26.68,\(-\) 13.24)*

\(-\) 0.12(\(-\) 0.16,\(-\) 0.09)*

\(-\) 42.73(\(-\) 53.82,\(-\) 31.65)*

\(-\) 26.06(\(-\) 32.8,\(-\) 19.31)*

\(-\) 16.68(\(-\) 21.12,\(-\) 12.23)*

\(-\) 10.79(\(-\) 13.68,\(-\) 7.9)*

\(-\) 1.38(\(-\) 1.79,\(-\) 0.97)*

 High transmission (0.42)

9.81(2.95,16.68)*

0.11(0.07,0.14)*

36.4(25.08,47.71)*

21.83(14.94,28.71)*

14.57(10.03,19.11)*

9.27(6.32,12.22)*

1.13(0.72,1.55)*

Introduction probability

 Low introduction probability (0.01)

\(-\) 26.82(\(-\) 33.71,\(-\)19.93)*

0(\(-\) 0.04,0.03)*

\(-\) 0.28(\(-\) 12.44,11.89)*

\(-\) 3.34(\(-\) 10.66,3.99)*

3.06(\(-\) 1.85,7.97)*

\(-\) 1.56(\(-\) 4.69,1.57)*

\(-\) 0.22(\(-\) 0.65,0.22)*

 High introduction probability (0.1)

3.38(\(-\) 3.7,10.47)*

0.11(0.07,0.14)*

37.29(24.78,49.81)*

26.52(18.98,34.06)*

10.78(5.72,15.83)*

11.28(8.06,14.5)*

1.41(0.96,1.86)*

Detection probability

 Low detection probability (0.64)

10.16(1.68,18.64)*

0.03(\(-\) 0.01,0.07)*

10.81(\(-\) 3.15,24.78)*

7.9(\(-\) 0.54,16.34)*

2.92(\(-\) 2.75,8.58)*

3.54(\(-\) 0.09,7.17)*

0.3(\(-\) 0.23,0.82)*

 High detection probability (0.9)

\(-\) 23.49(\(-\) 30.17,\(-\) 16.82)*

\(-\) 0.19(\(-\) 0.22,\(-\) 0.16)*

\(-\) 65.23(\(-\) 76.23,\(-\) 54.23)*

\(-\) 40.11(\(-\) 46.76,\(-\) 33.47)*

\(-\) 25.12(\(-\) 29.58,\(-\) 20.66)*

\(-\) 16.49(\(-\) 19.35,\(-\) 13.63)*

\(-\) 1.86(\(-\) 2.27,\(-\) 1.45)*

PPE effect

 High effect PPE (0.07)

\(-\) 41.73(\(-\) 52.31,\(-\) 31.14)*

\(-\) 0.09(\(-\) 0.13,\(-\) 0.04)*

\(-\) 29.24(\(-\) 46.43,\(-\) 12.05)*

\(-\) 17.58(\(-\) 27.98,\(-\) 7.17)*

\(-\) 11.66(\(-\) 18.63,\(-\) 4.7)*

\(-\) 7.14(\(-\) 11.62,\(-\) 2.66)*

\(-\) 1.03(\(-\) 1.68,\(-\) 0.37)*

 Low effect PPE (0.34)

22.13(16.63,27.63)*

0.22(0.19,0.24)*

75.13(66.2,84.06)*

46.32(40.91,51.72)*

28.82(25.2,32.43)*

19.35(17.02,21.68)*

2.21(1.87,2.55)*

Asymptomatic transmission

 Low asymptomatic transmission (0.34)

21.44(12.12,30.76)*

0.08(0.04,0.13)*

29.14(13.41,44.86)*

18.27(8.75,27.79)*

10.86(4.52,17.21)*

7.7(3.63,11.77)*

0.89(0.31,1.47)*

 High asymptomatic transmission (0.99)

26.85(18.19,35.52)*

0.23(0.19,0.27)*

78.69(64.06,93.32)*

49.4(40.54,58.26)*

29.29(23.39,35.19)*

21.18(17.4,24.96)*

2.24(1.7,2.77)*

Age specific difference in transmission

 High age specific difference (0.34)

\(-\) 2.11(\(-\)9.08,4.86)

0(\(-\) 0.04,0.03)

\(-\) 0.33(\(-\)12.47,11.8)

0.25(\(-\) 7.12,7.63)

\(-\) 0.59(\(-\)5.44,4.26)

0.14(\(-\) 3.01,3.29)

0(\(-\) 0.44,0.44)

 Low age specific difference (0.99)

\(-\) 4.64(\(-\) 11.56,2.28)

0(\(-\) 0.04,0.03)

\(-\) 0.8(\(-\) 12.86,11.25)

\(-\) 0.77(\(-\) 8.1,6.56)

\(-\) 0.04(\(-\) 4.86,4.79)

\(-\) 0.13(\(-\) 3.26,3)

0.01(\(-\) 0.43,0.44)

Testing frequency

 Testing frequency, 5-daysa

\(-\) 26.98(\(-\) 36.51,\(-\) 17.44)*

\(-\) 0.12(\(-\) 0.14,\(-\) 0.1)*

\(-\) 41.68(\(-\) 49.52,\(-\) 33.84)*

\(-\) 24.85(\(-\) 29.75,\(-\) 19.95)*

\(-\) 16.83(\(-\) 19.89,\(-\) 13.77)*

\(-\) 9.94(\(-\) 12.16,\(-\) 7.72)*

\(-\) 1.18(\(-\) 1.55,\(-\) 0.82)*

 Testing frequency, 3-daysa

\(-\) 48.53(\(-\) 58.31,\(-\) 38.76)*

\(-\) 0.17(\(-\) 0.19,\(-\) 0.14)*

\(-\) 57.33(\(-\) 65.37,\(-\) 49.29)*

\(-\) 34.57(\(-\) 39.59,\(-\) 29.55)*

\(-\) 22.76(\(-\) 25.9,\(-\) 19.62)*

\(-\) 14.59(\(-\) 16.86,\(-\) 12.31)*

\(-\) 1.71(\(-\) 2.08,\(-\) 1.34)*

Vaccine distribution (when compared to no vaccination)

 Equal distribution

\(-\) 38.89(\(-\) 42.38,\(-\) 35.4)*

\(-\) 0.16(\(-\) 0.17,\(-\) 0.14)*

\(-\) 53.66(\(-\) 58.48,\(-\) 48.85)*

\(-\) 33.29(\(-\) 36.21,\(-\) 30.36)*

\(-\) 20.37(\(-\) 22.34,\(-\) 18.41)*

\(-\) 13.76(\(-\) 15.01,\(-\) 12.5)*

\(-\) 1.65(\(-\) 1.82,\(-\) 1.47)*

 Resident priority

\(-\) 34.08(\(-\) 37.67,\(-\) 30.48)*

\(-\) 0.15(\(-\) 0.17,\(-\) 0.14)*

\(-\) 52.95(\(-\) 57.92,\(-\) 47.98)*

\(-\) 36.16(\(-\) 39.18,\(-\) 33.14)*

\(-\) 16.79(\(-\) 18.82,\(-\) 14.76)*

\(-\) 15.05(\(-\) 16.34,\(-\) 13.75)*

\(-\) 1.82(\(-\) 2,\(-\) 1.63)*

 Staff priority

\(-\) 42.09(\(-\) 45.62,\(-\) 38.55)*

\(-\) 0.16(\(-\) 0.18,\(-\) 0.15)*

\(-\) 56.14(\(-\) 61.02,\(-\) 51.27)*

\(-\) 32.45(\(-\) 35.41,\(-\) 29.48)*

\(-\) 23.7(\(-\) 25.69,\(-\) 21.71)*

\(-\) 13.66(\(-\) 14.93,\(-\) 12.39)*

\(-\) 1.7(\(-\) 1.88,\(-\) 1.52)*

Vaccine effect (when compared to similar age-specific effect)

 Different age-specific vaccine efficacy [Pfizer] (0.06b,0.04c)

\(-\) 1.12(\(-\) 4.41,2.17)

0(\(-\) 0.01,0.01)

\(-\) 0.98(\(-\) 4.1,2.13)

\(-\) 0.76(\(-\) 2.65,1.14)

\(-\) 0.23(\(-\) 1.59,1.14)

\(-\) 0.32(\(-\) 1.15,0.51)

\(-\) 0.07(\(-\) 0.19,0.06)

 Different age-specific vaccine efficacy [Moderna] (0.13b, 0.04c)

3.7(0.36,7.03)*

0.01(0,0.02)*

3.93(0.78,7.09)*

1.37(\(-\) 0.55,3.29)

2.56(1.18,3.95)*

0.58(\(-\) 0.26,1.43)

0.05(\(-\) 0.08,0.17)

  1. *indicate significant difference
  2. ano vaccination assumed
  3. bVaccine assumed for resident agents
  4. cVaccine assumed for staff agents