Table 1 Baseline characteristics among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, overall and by outcome
Overall | Critical Care | Mechanical Ventilation | Death | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
Total patients | 56,996 | 100.0 | 11,967 | 100.0 | 9136 | 100.0 | 8526 | 100.0 |
Age | ||||||||
< 10 | 396 | 0.7 | 82 | 0.7 | 29 | 0.3 | 7 | 0.1 |
10–19 | 671 | 1.2 | 135 | 1.1 | 46 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.0 |
20–29 | 3610 | 6.3 | 293 | 2.4 | 175 | 1.9 | 37 | 0.4 |
30–39 | 5123 | 9.0 | 615 | 5.1 | 380 | 4.2 | 110 | 1.3 |
40–49 | 5889 | 10.3 | 1,113 | 9.3 | 794 | 8.7 | 285 | 3.3 |
50–59 | 9486 | 16.6 | 2,125 | 17.8 | 1605 | 17.6 | 770 | 9.0 |
60–69 | 11,871 | 20.8 | 2,926 | 24.5 | 2552 | 27.9 | 1658 | 19.4 |
70–79 | 10,396 | 18.2 | 2,621 | 21.9 | 2137 | 23.4 | 2257 | 26.5 |
80 + | 9554 | 16.8 | 2,057 | 17.2 | 1418 | 15.5 | 3401 | 39.9 |
Gender | ||||||||
Female | 28,782 | 50.5 | 4925 | 41.2 | 3620 | 39.6 | 3636 | 42.6 |
Male | 28,214 | 49.5 | 7042 | 58.8 | 5516 | 60.4 | 4890 | 57.4 |
Race | ||||||||
African American | 11,694 | 20.5 | 2282 | 19.1 | 1873 | 20.5 | 1529 | 17.9 |
Asian | 1336 | 2.3 | 329 | 2.7 | 250 | 2.7 | 206 | 2.4 |
Caucasian | 33,524 | 58.8 | 7125 | 59.5 | 5227 | 57.2 | 5536 | 64.9 |
Other/Unknown | 10,442 | 18.3 | 2231 | 18.6 | 1786 | 19.5 | 1255 | 14.7 |
Ethnicity | ||||||||
Hispanic | 8497 | 14.9 | 1711 | 14.3 | 1271 | 13.9 | 814 | 9.5 |
Not Hispanic | 42,881 | 75.2 | 9079 | 75.9 | 6910 | 75.6 | 6908 | 81.0 |
Unknown | 5618 | 9.9 | 1177 | 9.8 | 955 | 10.5 | 804 | 9.4 |
Region | ||||||||
Midwest | 21,647 | 38.0 | 4979 | 41.6 | 3851 | 42.2 | 2995 | 35.1 |
Northeast | 16,548 | 29.0 | 3621 | 30.3 | 2516 | 27.5 | 2616 | 30.7 |
South | 12,654 | 22.2 | 2094 | 17.5 | 1583 | 17.3 | 2114 | 24.8 |
West | 4378 | 7.7 | 947 | 7.9 | 949 | 10.4 | 560 | 6.6 |
Other/Unknown | 1769 | 3.1 | 326 | 2.7 | 237 | 2.6 | 241 | 2.8 |
Care settings prior to admission date | ||||||||
Inpatient | 4684 | 8.2 | 747 | 6.2 | 736 | 8.1 | 945 | 11.1 |
Outpatient | 10,479 | 18.4 | 2121 | 17.7 | 1554 | 17.0 | 1253 | 14.7 |
Emergency department | 43,724 | 76.7 | 9819 | 82.1 | 7615 | 83.4 | 7194 | 84.4 |
Insurance type on admission date | ||||||||
Multiple | 16,266 | 28.5 | 3790 | 31.7 | 2831 | 31.0 | 3274 | 38.4 |
Commercial | 15,775 | 27.7 | 2916 | 24.4 | 2193 | 24.0 | 1134 | 13.3 |
Medicare | 12,364 | 21.7 | 2854 | 23.8 | 2258 | 24.7 | 2888 | 33.9 |
Medicaid | 5111 | 9.0 | 1107 | 9.3 | 801 | 8.8 | 354 | 4.2 |
Other payer type | 2936 | 5.2 | 483 | 4.0 | 364 | 4.0 | 275 | 3.2 |
Uninsured | 973 | 1.7 | 156 | 1.3 | 109 | 1.2 | 68 | 0.8 |
Unknown | 3571 | 6.3 | 661 | 5.5 | 580 | 6.3 | 533 | 6.3 |
Confirmatory event | ||||||||
Positive SARS-CoV-2 viral test only | 2166 | 3.8 | 258 | 2.2 | 215 | 2.4 | 318 | 3.7 |
U07.1 diagnosis code only | 14,822 | 26.0 | 3027 | 25.3 | 2367 | 25.9 | 1989 | 23.3 |
Positive SARS-CoV-2 viral test and U07.1 diagnosis code | 40,008 | 70.2 | 8682 | 72.5 | 6554 | 71.7 | 6219 | 72.9 |
Month of cohort entry | ||||||||
January 2020 through March 2020 | 4497 | 7.9 | 1389 | 11.6 | 1397 | 15.3 | 1040 | 12.2 |
April 2020 | 10,422 | 18.3 | 2924 | 24.4 | 2205 | 24.1 | 2360 | 27.7 |
May 2020 | 5,859 | 10.3 | 1472 | 12.3 | 994 | 10.9 | 1028 | 12.1 |
June 2020 | 4611 | 8.1 | 908 | 7.6 | 594 | 6.5 | 593 | 7.0 |
July 2020 | 6082 | 10.7 | 1136 | 9.5 | 840 | 9.2 | 916 | 10.7 |
August 2020 | 5013 | 8.8 | 856 | 7.2 | 644 | 7.0 | 721 | 8.5 |
September 2020 | 4318 | 7.6 | 824 | 6.9 | 575 | 6.3 | 623 | 7.3 |
October 2020 | 6028 | 10.6 | 1102 | 9.2 | 858 | 9.4 | 776 | 9.1 |
November 2020 | 10,166 | 17.8 | 1356 | 11.3 | 1029 | 11.3 | 469 | 5.5 |
Comorbidities | ||||||||
Diabetes | 16,826 | 29.5 | 4851 | 40.5 | 3918 | 42.9 | 3375 | 39.6 |
Obesity | 13,544 | 23.8 | 3861 | 32.3 | 3183 | 34.8 | 1893 | 22.2 |
Pulmonary disease | ||||||||
COPD | 5830 | 10.2 | 1,812 | 15.1 | 1582 | 17.3 | 1498 | 17.6 |
Asthma | 4948 | 8.7 | 1,121 | 9.4 | 916 | 10.0 | 510 | 6.0 |
Cardiovascular disease | ||||||||
Hypertension | 23,229 | 40.8 | 5855 | 48.9 | 4495 | 49.2 | 4029 | 47.3 |
Coronary artery disease | 8407 | 14.8 | 2477 | 20.7 | 1986 | 21.7 | 2228 | 26.1 |
Congestive heart failure | 7242 | 12.7 | 2425 | 20.3 | 2058 | 22.5 | 2246 | 26.3 |
Kidney disease* | 17,694 | 31.0 | 6103 | 51.0 | 5110 | 55.9 | 5257 | 61.7 |
Liver disease | 2671 | 4.7 | 985 | 8.2 | 830 | 9.1 | 681 | 8.0 |
Cancer | 4369 | 7.7 | 1080 | 9.0 | 780 | 8.5 | 1029 | 12.1 |
Patient-reported medications | ||||||||
Statins | 14,933 | 26.2 | 3631 | 30.3 | 2975 | 32.6 | 2733 | 32.1 |
ACEs/ARBs | 11,517 | 20.2 | 2695 | 22.5 | 2256 | 24.7 | 1879 | 22.0 |
NSAIDS | 5908 | 10.4 | 1092 | 9.1 | 873 | 9.6 | 618 | 7.2 |
Steroids | 6827 | 12.0 | 1556 | 13.0 | 1144 | 12.5 | 882 | 10.3 |
PPIs | 9966 | 17.5 | 2269 | 19.0 | 1878 | 20.6 | 1749 | 20.5 |