Risk factors on healthcare-associated infections among tuberculosis hospitalized patients in China from 2001 to 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Frequency of the identified risk factors in the included studies on risk factors for healthcare-associated infections among TB hospitalized patients in Chinese hospitals from 2001 to 2020

Study ID/Risk factors	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	Total
Age	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	11
AIDS						√						1
Albumin (> 40 g/L vs. ≤ 40 g/L)		√										1
Complications					√					√	√	3
Course of disease (> 5 years vs. ≤ 5 years)		√										1
Diabetes mellitus			√			√						2
Gender	√	√	√	√	√	√	√		√			8
Invasive procedure		√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	9
Length of hospitalization		√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	9
Negativity of the sputum smear for acid fact staining	√	√										2
Secondary tuberculosis	√	√				√						3
Smoking			√		√							2
Tuberculosis retreatment	√											1
Underlying diseases	√	√	√	√				√	√			6
Use of antibiotics	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	11
Use of anti-tuberculous drug				√				√				2
Use of glucocorticoid	√											1

Secondary tuberculosis is defined that patients are re-infected with the tubercle bacillus or re-activated from a dormant endogenous infection [42]. Complications are defined that TB patients are concurrently diagnosed as having other kind of disease

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