Table 3 MIS-A risk compared to non-MIS-A and alive patients; mortality in MIS-A
From: Enigma of COVID-19: is “multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults” (MIS-A) predictable?
MIS-A (−) & Alive n = 2019 | MIS-A ( +) | Univariable Cox Regressiona | Univariable Cox Regressionb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alive n = 150 | Exitus n = 82 | HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | ||
Age, years | 58.7 ± 16.5 | 59.4 ± 14 | 67 ± 13.7 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.878 | 1.03 | 1.01–1.05 | < 0.001 |
Gender, n (%) | |||||||||
Female | 990 (49.0) | 51 (34.0) | 38 (46.3) | Ref | |||||
Male | 1029 (51.0) | 99 (66.0) | 44 (53.7) | 1.83 | 1.31–2.57 | < 0.001 | 0.82 | 0.53–1.27 | 0.365 |
Comorbidity, n (%) | |||||||||
DM | 560 (27.7) | 43 (28.7) | 28 (34.1) | 0.97 | 0.68–1.38 | 0.866 | 1.39 | 0.87–2.21 | 0.164 |
HT | 834 (41.3) | 63 (42.0) | 34 (41.5) | 0.97 | 0.70–1.34 | 0.832 | 1.21 | 0.77–1.90 | 0.415 |
CRF | 158 (7.8) | 14 (9.3) | 9 (11.0) | 1.06 | 0.61–1.84 | 0.841 | 1.20 | 0.60–2.41 | 0.599 |
CAD | 360 (17.8) | 29 (19.3) | 16 (19.5) | 1.05 | 0.70–1.58 | 0.796 | 0.87 | 0.50–1.51 | 0.620 |
COPD | 154 (7.6) | 8 (5.3) | 4 (4.9) | 0.63 | 0.31–1.28 | 0.202 | 0.90 | 0.33–2.48 | 0.845 |
Malignancy | 164 (8.1) | 8 (5.3) | 10 (12.2) | 0.61 | 0.30–1.24 | 0.171 | 1.22 | 0.62–2.40 | 0.565 |
Presence of typical COVID-19 Involvement | 1609 (79.7) | 142 (94.7) | 76 (92.7) | 4.33 | 2.12–8.83 | < 0.001 | 0.84 | 0.37–1.94 | 0.685 |
Laboratory findings | |||||||||
Hemoglobin (gr/dL) | 12.8 ± 2.1 | 13.0 ± 1.6 | 12.1 ± 2.3 | 1.08 | 0.98–1.21 | 0.205 | 0.91 | 0.81–1.01 | 0.088 |
Platelet, × 103/mm3 | 217 (1–1555) | 187 (24–685) | 182 (25–409) | 0.97 | 0.96–0.99 | 0.008 | 0.99 | 0.96–1.02 | 0.407 |
Leukocyte, × 103/mm3 | 6.5 (0.1–124.4) | 5.9 (1.2–40.4) | 6.8 (0.6–37.6) | 0.97 | 0.92–1.01 | 0.133 | 1.05 | 1.02–1.08 | 0.003 |
Neutrophil, × 103/mm3 | 4.3 (0–42.4) | 4 (1.1–30.7) | 5.4 (0.2–35.8) | 0.99 | 0.95–1.04 | 0.718 | 1.06 | 1.03–1.10 | 0.001 |
Lymphocyte, × 103 | 1.4 (0.2–17.9) | 1.2 (0.4–6.3) | 0.8 (0.2–2.1) | 0.67 | 0.51–0.87 | 0.003 | 0.25 | 0.13–0.45 | < 0.001 |
LDH (IU/L) | 243 (37–1877) | 307.5 (134–1323) | 379 (174–1293) | 1.02 | 1.01–1.03 | < 0.001 | 1.02 | 1.01–1.03 | < 0.001 |
LLR | 0.2 (0–0.7) | 0.3 (0.1–0.6) | 0.5 (0.2–4.2) | 9.41 | 3.62–24.45 | < 0.001 | 1.90 | 1.49–2.41 | < 0.001 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 32 (0.2–400) | 63.3 (3.6–310) | 111.4 (2.8–429) | 1.04 | 1.02–1.06 | < 0.001 | 1.05 | 1.02–1.07 | < 0.001 |
Procalcitonin (ng/ml) | 0.1 (0–81.7) | 0.1 (0–5.3) | 0.3 (0–27.9) | 0.94 | 0.82–1.07 | 0.330 | 1.01 | 0.97–1.06 | 0.574 |
Urea (mg/dL) | 32 (6–442) | 37.9 (11–269) | 49.1 (19–211) | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.557 | 1.05 | 1.01–1.09 | 0.017 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 (0.1–29.4) | 0.9 (0.4–17.9) | 0.9 (0.5–7.3) | 1.02 | 0.92–1.12 | 0.697 | 0.98 | 0.88–1.10 | 0.778 |
AST (IU/L) | 26 (3–2524) | 31.8 (12–1251) | 34 (12–229) | 1.03 | 1.01–1.05 | 0.026 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.02 | 0.930 |
ALT (IU/L) | 20 (1–2034) | 25 (5–631) | 23.3 (7–176) | 1.00 | 0.98–1.04 | 0.125 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.660 |
Total protein (gr/dL) | 68.3 ± 7.3 | 68.5 ± 6.4 | 67.0 ± 6.6 | 1.00 | 0.98–1.03 | 0.796 | 0.97 | 0.93–1.01 | 0.116 |
Albumin (gr/L) | 36.7 ± 5.1 | 36.7 ± 4.5 | 33.7 ± 5.7 | 1.01 | 0.98–1.05 | 0.403 | 0.95 | 0.91–0.98 | 0.003 |
CK (IU/L) | 72 (1–7290) | 103 (12–1151) | 127.5 (17–3303) | 1.03 | 0.98–1.06 | 0.087 | 1.08 | 1.01–1.16 | 0.020 |
D-dimer | 0.7 (0–36) | 0.7 (0–21.6) | 1.1 (0.1–17) | 0.98 | 0.91–1.05 | 0.535 | 1.04 | 0.97–1.12 | 0.291 |
Ferritin (mcg/L) | 143 (2–5900) | 346.5 (14–2000) | 470 (18–3247) | 1.08 | 1.06–1.10 | < 0.001 | 1.05 | 1.01–1.09 | 0.009 |
Fibrinojen (mg/dL) | 465 (0.7–12,000) | 535 (139–1081) | 614 (170–1355) | 1.02 | 0.99–1.04 | 0.155 | 1.22 | 1.11–1.34 | < 0.001 |
Presence of Resistant Fever, n (%) | 49 (2.4) | 45 (30.0) | 19 (23.2) | 9.04 | 6.34–12.89 | < 0.001 | 0.50 | 0.29–0.87 | 0.013 |
Time to blood sampling, days (range) | 10 (4–22) | 6 (3–16) | 3 (1–11) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Follow up duration, days | 6 (1–52) | 11 (4–42) | 7 (1–54) | – | – | – | – | – | – |