Table 2 Participant observations and experiences with the unobserved collection

“Very easy!”

“Least favorite.”

“Easiest so far.”

“Liked the most.”

“Huge tube but clean.”

“Lots of work for what felt like little yield.”

"Messy.”

“Was a little gross”

“I think this is the best one.”

“Fav[orite] and way quickest method.”

“Bubbled up not sure what to do.”

“Most difficult.”

“Slow.”

“It solved the spilling issue but created too much bubbles which makes it difficult to fillfull [sic] the amount.”

“The saliva was getting stuck at the pipette tip making it difficult to pass through.”

“Easiest.”

“2nd easiest.”

“Kept suctioning in mouth instead of saliva, created bubbles and did not collect saliva [efficiently].”

“Least fav[orite] collection [because] saliva go [sic] everywhere”

“Favorite collection method but risk of saliva dribble.”

“No clear step to unscrew the collection tube and attach the funnel.”

“I wanted pictures for each step to make sure I was doing it right.”

“The directions never said to take off the cap to the tube.”

“The directions were not clear at all.”

“It took me a little bit to understand that the sample goes back in the box and then goes in the [FEDEX] bag. Also, it never specifically said to unscrew the tube and attach the funnel.”

“It should have been made clear that the specimen goes in the box and then the package.”

“[I] had to collect a lot of saliva (half of a large tube)—that took a while. The font in the instructions could be larger.”

“The font was too tiny, impossible to read…Transferring the saliva from the pipette to the little tube was challenging (the tube opening was too small).”