Fig. 2

National estimates of annual AOM incidence rates episodes among USA children aged < 18 years (2001–2018). Adj adjusted, AOM acute otitis media, PY person-years. Incidence rates were adjusted using data from the U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey and Annual Social and Economic Supplements. Census data for each study year were obtained from the USA Census Bureau database. Estimates of the July 1st USA population by sex, age, and insurance type were calculated for each study year by applying the average proportion of individuals with private and government health insurance for the 0–17 age group across all age-sex categories. AOM IRs in the general USA pediatric population were calculated by multiplying the IRs for each age-sex-insurance type group in the MarketScan data with the proportion of that group in the general USA pediatric population, and summing across all groups