Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Variable | Pre-PSM, No. (%) | Â | Post-PSM, No. (%) | Â | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PICC (n = 20,104) | CVC (n = 4775) | SMD | PICC (n = 5390) | CVC (n = 2695) | SMD | |
Age, mean (SD), y | 56.84 (14.78) | 60.69 (17.30) | 0.239 | 57.89 (16.27) | 58.57 (17.20) | 0.041 |
Male | 10,466 (52.1) | 3038 (63.6) | 0.236 | 3050 (56.6) | 1581 (58.7) | 0.042 |
Year | ||||||
 2017 | 3976 (19.8) | 1018 (21.3) | 0.038 | 1243 (23.1) | 623 (23.1) | 0.001 |
 2018 | 4788 (23.8) | 1176 (24.6) | 0.019 | 1462 (27.1) | 707 (26.2) | 0.020 |
 2019 | 5373 (26.7) | 1218 (25.5) | 0.028 | 1345 (25.0) | 665 (24.7) | 0.006 |
 2020 | 5967 (29.7) | 1363 (28.5) | 0.025 | 1340 (24.9) | 700 (26.0) | 0.026 |
Community Infections | 902 (4.5) | 1123 (23.5) | 0.570 | 757 (14.0) | 414 (15.4) | 0.037 |
Blood Transfusion | 6632 (33.0) | 3064 (64.2) | 0.657 | 3020 (56.0) | 1548 (57.4) | 0.028 |
Urinary Catheterization | 8842 (44.0) | 3472 (72.7) | 0.609 | 3393 (62.9) | 1806 (67.0) | 0.085 |
Hemodialysis | 174 (0.9) | 65 (1.4) | 0.047 | 56 (1.0) | 27 (1.0) | 0.004 |
Mechanical Ventilation | 3625 (18.0) | 3222 (67.5) | 1.154 | 2453 (45.5) | 1325 (49.2) | 0.073 |
Tracheotomy | 191 (1.0) | 570 (11.9) | 0.459 | 163 (3.0) | 115 (4.3) | 0.066 |
Hypertension | 5005 (24.9) | 1629 (34.1) | 0.203 | 1599 (29.7) | 844 (31.3) | 0.036 |
Diabetes mellitus | 2418 (12.0) | 958 (20.1) | 0.220 | 868 (16.1) | 478 (17.7) | 0.044 |
COPD | 379 (1.9) | 505 (10.6) | 0.366 | 211 (3.9) | 129 (4.8) | 0.043 |
Malignancy | 9434 (46.9) | 471 (9.9) | 0.902 | 572 (10.6) | 343 (12.7) | 0.066 |
Liver Failure | 152 (0.8) | 274 (5.7) | 0.284 | 130 (2.4) | 81 (3.0) | 0.037 |
Renal Failure | 609 (3.0) | 692 (14.5) | 0.414 | 355 (6.6) | 250 (9.3) | 0.095 |
Heart Failure | 477 (2.4) | 418 (8.8) | 0.281 | 259 (4.8) | 169 (6.3) | 0.064 |
Respiratory Failure | 392 (1.9) | 1573 (32.9) | 0.895 | 362 (6.7) | 265 (9.8) | 0.113 |
Principal diagnosis | ||||||
 Certain infectious diseases and parasites | 601 (3.0) | 258 (5.4) | 0.121 | 291 (5.4) | 147 (5.5) | 0.002 |
 Tumor | 9595 (47.7) | 313 (6.6) | 1.045 | 485 (9.0) | 289 (10.7) | 0.058 |
 Blood and hematopoietic diseases and certain diseases involving immune mechanisms | 197 (1.0) | 15 (0.3) | 0.083 | 37 (0.7) | 15 (0.6) | 0.017 |
 Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases | 136 (0.7) | 86 (1.8) | 0.102 | 123 (2.3) | 55 (2.0) | 0.017 |
 Mental and behavioral disorders | 9 (0.0) | 16 (0.3) | 0.067 | 9 (0.2) | 8 (0.3) | 0.027 |
 Nervous system diseases | 83 (0.4) | 113 (2.4) | 0.167 | 74 (1.4) | 44 (1.6) | 0.021 |
 Eye and appendage diseases | 2 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.014 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | / |
 Ear and mastoid diseases | 2 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.014 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | / |
 Circulatory diseases | 1892 (9.4) | 1098 (23.0) | 0.375 | 1627 (30.2) | 738 (27.4) | 0.062 |
 Respiratory diseases | 730 (3.6) | 1054 (22.1) | 0.573 | 484 (9.0) | 251 (9.3) | 0.012 |
 Digestive diseases | 1464 (7.3) | 755 (15.8) | 0.269 | 1079 (20.0) | 526 (19.5) | 0.013 |
 Skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases | 11 (0.1) | 10 (0.2) | 0.043 | 10 (0.2) | 7 (0.3) | 0.016 |
 Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases | 288 (1.4) | 42 (0.9) | 0.052 | 68 (1.3) | 33 (1.2) | 0.003 |
 Genitourinary diseases | 1524 (7.6) | 142 (3.0) | 0.207 | 279 (5.2) | 128 (4.7) | 0.020 |
 Pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium | 99 (0.5) | 20 (0.4) | 0.011 | 43 (0.8) | 16 (0.6) | 0.025 |
 Congenital malformations, deformation, and chromosomal abnormalities | 407 (2.0) | 11 (0.2) | 0.171 | 18 (0.3) | 11 (0.4) | 0.012 |
 Abnormal symptoms, signs, clinical and laboratory results, and cannot be classified in other categories | 41 (0.2) | 28 (0.6) | 0.061 | 40 (0.7) | 18 (0.7) | 0.009 |
 Injury, poisoning and other external pathogenic factors | 723 (3.6) | 810 (17.0) | 0.451 | 717 (13.3) | 405 (15.0) | 0.049 |
 External causes of illness and death | 2300 (11.4) | 4 (0.1) | 0.503 | 6 (0.1) | 4 (0.1) | 0.010 |