Increased CD4+ T cell count is associated with lower anal human papillomavirus prevalence among HIV-positive male cohort in Taizhou, China: a cross-sectional study

Zhang, Jing; Chen, Xiaoxiao; Ye, Yiwen; Shen, Weiwei; Ye, Xiaohong; Lin, Yajun; Lin, Zhebin; Tan, Shigang; Gao, Meiyang; Ding, Yingying; Lin, Haijiang; Wang, Youyi; He, Na; Liu, Xing

doi:10.1186/s12879-022-07251-3

Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics and prevalence of anal HPV infection among HIV-positive males in Taizhou, China

From: Increased CD4⁺ T cell count is associated with lower anal human papillomavirus prevalence among HIV-positive male cohort in Taizhou, China: a cross-sectional study

	Overall		Any HPV positive		Any HR-HPV positive		Any LR-HPV positive
	Number	Proportion %	Number	Prevalence %	Number	Prevalence %	Number	Prevalence %
Total	766	100	373	48.7	309	40.3	173	22.6
Age (years)				P = 0.009		P < 0.001		P < 0.001
18–24	33	4.4	19	57.6	18	54.6	8	24.2
25–34	150	20.1	84	56.0	71	47.3	52	34.7
35–44	152	20.3	70	46.1	59	38.8	32	21.1
45–54	202	27.0	105	52.0	91	45.1	46	22.8
55–82	211	28.2	82	38.9	58	27.5	29	13.7
Missing	18
Level of education				P = 0.019		P < 0.001		P < 0.001
Illiterate or primary school	211	28.2	83	39.3	58	27.5	25	11.9
Middle school	315	42.0	159	50.5	137	43.5	83	26.4
High school	140	18.7	71	50.7	63	45.0	34	24.3
College or above	83	11.1	47	56.6	39	47.0	26	31.3
Missing	17
Marital status				P = 0.002		P < 0.001		P = 0.002
Never married	250	33.4	142	56.8	122	48.8	75	30.0
Currently married	365	48.7	154	42.2	117	32.1	65	17.8
Widowed/divorced	134	17.9	64	47.8	58	43.3	28	20.9
Missing	17
Sexual orientation				P < 0.001		P < 0.001		P < 0.001
Hetero-sexual	406	54.0	160	39.4	112	27.6	50	12.3
Homo-sexual	263	35.0	157	59.7	146	55.5	97	36.9
Bi-sexual or uncertain	83	11.0	52	62.7	49	59.0	24	28.9
Missing	14
Self-reported history of STIs				P = 0.048		P = 0.007		P = 0.009
No	503	73.5	232	46.1	187	37.2	102	20.3
Yes	181	26.5	99	54.7	88	48.6	54	29.8
Missing	82
Multiple sex partners^a				P = 0.770		P = 0.753		P = 0.090
No	49	6.5	25	51.0	21	42.9	16	32.7
Yes	700	93.5	342	48.9	284	40.6	155	22.1
Missing	17
Condom use^a				P = 0.027		P = 0.006		P = 0.062
Yes	8	1.0	7	87.5	7	87.5	4	50.0
No	758	99.0	366	48.3	302	39.8	169	22.3
Missing	0
Baseline CD4⁺ T (cells/µL)				P = 0.883		P = 0.947		P = 0.860
< 200	265	35.0	127	47.9	103	38.9	56	21.1
200–349	310	41.0	153	49.4	128	41.3	68	21.9
350–499	120	15.9	56	46.7	48	40.0	30	25.0
≥ 500	61	8.1	32	52.5	25	41.0	13	21.3
Missing	10
Current CD4⁺ T (cells/µL)				P = 0.091		P = 0.086		P = 0.851
< 200	88	12.1	51	58.0	47	53.4	21	23.9
200–349	192	26.5	99	51.6	74	38.5	44	22.9
350–499	175	24.2	75	42.9	69	39.4	36	20.6
≥ 500	270	37.2	126	46.7	106	39.3	65	24.1
Missing	41
Change of CD4⁺ T^b (cells/µL)				P = 0.033		P = 0.093		P = 0.578
Decreased or unchanged	136	19.0	77	56.6	64	47.1	28	20.6
Increased	579	81.0	269	46.5	227	39.2	132	22.8
Missing	51
cART				P = 0.417		P = 0.298		P = 0.157
EFV + 3TC + TDF	366	49.4	186	50.8	151	41.3	82	22.4
EFV + 3TC + AZT	186	25.1	92	49.5	80	43.0	46	24.7
NVP + 3TC + AZT	124	16.7	54	43.6	41	33.1	19	15.3
Others combined	65	8.8	28	43.1	24	36.9	18	27.7
Missing	25
Duration of cART (years)				P = 0.017		P = 0.025		P = 0.201
< 2	300	40.5	163	54.3	135	45.0	76	25.3
2– < 5	268	36.2	126	47.0	105	39.2	57	21.3
≥ 5	173	23.3	71	41.0	56	32.4	32	18.5
Missing	25

HR-HPV high-risk HPV, LR-HPV low-risk HPV, STIs sexually transmitted infections, cART combined antiretroviral therapy (741 participants were under cART), EFV Efavirenz, 3TC Lamivudine, TDF Tenofovir, AZT Zidovudine, NVP Nevirapine
^aLife-time multiple sex partners; condom use in the last 6 months
^bThe change of CD4 + T cell counts was calculated by current CD4 minus baseline CD4. If the result was positive, it was defined as “increased CD4 + T cell counts”; and if the result was negative or zero, it was defined as “decreased or unchanged CD4 + T cell counts”

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ISSN: 1471-2334

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