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Table 2 Pooled prevalence of liver abnormalities due to S. japonicum in populations or by subgroups with meta-analysis

From: The prevalence of liver abnormalities in humans due to Schistosoma japonicum by ultrasonography in China: a meta-analysis

 

No. studies

No. examined

No. liver abnormalities

Prevalence

Heterogeneity

Egger's test

Subgroup difference

(95% CI) %

Q-χ2

Q-p

I 2 (95% CI) %

t

t/df

P

Q-χ2

P

Overall

21

268,247

43,917

18.64 (11.88, 26.50)

39,543.36

 < 0.01

99.9 (99.9, 100.0)

0.47

19

0.65

  

Study period

         

10.73

 < 0.01

2016–2020

6

39,701

4864

31.29 (9.47, 58.84)

12,033.09

 < 0.01

100.0

2.77

4

0.05

  

2011–2015

11

212,278

38,561

20.58 (12.16, 30.53)

20,077.86

 < 0.01

100.0 (99.9, 100.0)

0.61

9

0.56

  

 ≤ 2010

4

16,268

492

2.48 (0.11, 7.67)

609.12

 < 0.01

99.5 (99.3, 99.6)

0

2

0.1

  

Region

         

9.7

0.02

Shanghai

9

190,566

36,952

30.61 (19.25, 43.32)

16,985.76

 < 0.01

100.0 (99.9, 100.0)

1.27

7

0.23

  

Jiangsu

4

21,353

3495

24.33 (11.13, 40.67)

1824.26

 < 0.01

99.8 (99.8, 99.9)

1.07

2

0.4

  

Zhejiang

4

25,775

3276

14.64 (1.49, 37.86)

5372.3

 < 0.01

99.9 (99.9, 100.0)

2.86

2

0.1

  

Sichuan

2

6440

54

2.30 (0.00, 15.24)

150.98

 < 0.01

99.3 (98.8, 99.6)

  

Study setting

         

1.02

0.6

Urban

9

42,956

8218

20.81 (8.14, 37.40)

11,725.93

 < 0.01

99.9

0.98

7

0.36

  

Rural

8

78,382

20,734

24.48 (10.43, 42.12)

13,173.26

 < 0.01

99.9 (99.9, 100.0)

− 0.31

6

0.76

  

Mixed

2

122,796

14,825

15.84 (8.27, 25.29)

266.56

 < 0.01

99.6 (99.4, 99.8)

  

Age

         

14.09

 < 0.01

 ≥ 60

11

198,894

39,039

32.25 (22.07, 43.37)

17,473.32

0

99.9

1.54

9

0.16

  

Whole range

10

69,353

4878

7.27 (2.05, 15.31)

9880.6

0

99.9

1.64

8

0.14

  

Gender

         

0.05

0.83

Male

7

14,913

3417

24.09 (11.30, 39.84)

2554.25

0

99.8 (99.7, 99.8)

0.4

5

0.71

  

Female

7

19,386

3438

21.69 (7.91, 39.90)

4535.49

0

99.9 (99.8, 99.9)

0.93

5

0.39

  
  1. Cl Confidence interval, I2 Inverse variance index, Q-P Cochran’s P value