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Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of children with invasive pneumococcal disease in different age groups•

From: Clinical characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and risk factors for mortality in paediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in Beijing, 2012–2017

Age (months)※

0–12

(n = 67) (%)

13–36

(n = 59) (%)

37–60

(n = 36) (%)

 > 60

(n = 24) (%)

Total

(n = 186) (%)

χ2

P

Sex

     

4.640

0.200

 Male

39 (58.2)

30 (50.8)

25 (69.4)

17 (70.8)

111 (59.7)

  

 Female

28 (41.8)

29 (49.2)

11 (30.6)

7 (29.2)

75 (40.3)

  

Disease onset season

     

8.446

0.490

 Dec–Feb

26 (38.8)

18 (30.5)

12 (33.3)

8 (33.3)

64 (34.4)

  

 Mar–May

16 (23.9)

18 (30.5)

11 (30.6)

3 (12.5)

48 (25.8)

  

 Jun–Aug

14 (20.9)

12 (20.3)

11 (30.6)

8 (33.3)

45 (24.4)

  

 Sep–Nov

11 (16.4)

11 (18.6)

2 (5.6)

5 (20.8)

29 (15.6)

  

Clinical manifestations

       

 Meningitis

38 (56.7)a

15 (25.4)b

12 (33.3)a,b

11 (45.8)a,b

76 (40.9)

13.879

0.003

 -With pneumonia

24

12

4

4

44

  

 Pneumonia without meningitis

21 (31.3)a

37 (62.7)b

16 (44.4)a,b

9 (33.3)a,b

82 (44.6)

12.818

0.005

 -with bacteraemia

18a

28 a

10 a

4a

60

10.130

0.017

 -with empyaema

3

8

6

5

22

  

 -with HUS‡

0

0

2

0

2

  

 Bacteraemia without focus

4 (6.0)

5 (8.5)

8 (22.2)

4 (16.7)

21 (11.3)

7.002

0.064

 Arthritis

4 (6.0)

1 (1.7)

0

0

5 (2.8)

2.919

0.370

 -With osteomyelitis

2

1

0

0

3

  

 Peritonitis†

0

1 (1.7)

1 (2.8)

2 (8.3)

4 (2.3)

  

 Endocarditis

0

1

0

0

1 (0.5)

  

Complications

       

 Neurological complications

28 (73.7)a

8 (53.3)a,b

3 (25.0)b

3 (27.3)b

42 (55.3)

13.170

0.004

 Respiratory complications

13 (28.9)a

22 (44.9)a

16 (80.0)b

7 (53.8)a,b

58 (45.7)

14.969

0.002

Disease severity

       

 Respiratory failure

17 (25.4)

8 (13.6)

10 (27.8)

4 (16.7)

39 (21.0)

4.014

0.260

 Septic shock

5 (7.5)

4 (6.8)

2 (5.6)

1 (4.2)

12 (6.5)

0.339

1.000

 HLH

4 (6.0)

4 (6.8)

4 (11.1)

0

13 (7.0)

2.986

0.411

 MODS

3 (4.5)

7 (11.9)

2 (5.6)

1 (4.2)

13 (7.0)

2.678

0.433

ICU admission

36 (53.7)a

19 (32.2)a

11 (30.6)a

9 (37.5)a

75 (40.3)

8.129

0.043

Intubation

26 (38.8)a

15 (25.4)a,b

3 (8.3)b

5 (20.8)a,b

49 (26.3)

11.782

0.008

CPR

8 (11.9)

1 (1.7)

1 (2.8)

1 (4.2)

11 (5.9)

5.818

0.078

Mortality

21 (31.3)

10 (16.9)

4 (11.1)

5 (20.8)

40 (21.5)

6.878

0.076

  1. • Data are presented as the number of cases (%) for categorical variables. HUS, haemolytic uraemic syndrome; HLH, haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; MODS, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; ICU, intensive care unit; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation
  2. ※Multiple comparisons among different age groups by using the Bonferroni method was performed for the variables of meningitis, pneumonia without meningitis, pneumonia with bacteraemia, neurological complication, and respiratory complications. Statistically significant difference (adjusted P-value < 0.05) was identified between ‘a’ and ‘b’ groups, but no statistically significant difference was identified between group ‘a’ and ‘a’ or ‘b’ and ‘b’
  3. ‡Two of the HUS patients had concurrent pneumonia with empyaema
  4. †Three of the peritonitis patients had concurrent pneumonia, and one had concurrent meningitis
  5. Incidence of neurological complication calculated in patients with meningitis only. Incidence of pneumonia complication calculated in patients with pneumonia only
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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