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Table 4 E. coli isolates: adjusted estimates for resistance over time and by geographic region

From: A multicenter analysis of trends in resistance in urinary Enterobacterales isolates from ambulatory patients in the United States: 2011–2020

Characteristics

ESBL

Beta-lactam

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

Fluoroquinolones

Nitrofurantoin

Est (95% CI)

P

Est (95% CI)

P

Est (95% CI)

P

Est (95% CI)

P

Est (95% CI)

P

Year

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

0.029

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 2011

6.3 (6.0–6.6)

 

54.7 (53.9–55.5)

 

27.7 (27.2–28.2)

 

26.0 (25.3–26.6)

 

4.5 (3.4–5.5)

 

 2012

6.6 (6.3–6.9)

 

54.1 (53.3–54.9)

 

29.3 (28.8–29.8)

 

27.0 (26.4–27.5)

 

6.5 (5.4–7.5)

 

 2013

6.8 (6.6–7.1)

 

53.4 (52.6–54.1)

 

28.9 (28.4–29.4)

 

26.5 (25.9–27.0)

 

6.2 (5.1–7.1)

 

 2014

7.4 (7.1–7.7)

 

52.9 (52.1–53.7)

 

28.8 (28.3–29.3)

 

26.3 (25.7–26.8)

 

6.2 (4.9–7.2)

 

 2015

7.7 (7.4–8.0)

 

52.1 (51.4–52.9)

 

28.5 (27.9–29.0)

 

25.8 (25.2–26.3)

 

4.6 (2.9–5.7)

 

 2016

8.1 (7.8–8.4)

 

51.5 (50.6–52.3)

 

27.6 (27.1–28.1)

 

25.5 (24.9–26.0)

 

3.5 (1.9–4.6)

 

 2017

8.6 (8.3–8.9)

 

51.2 (50.4–52.1)

 

27.7 (27.1–28.2)

 

25.3 (24.7–25.9)

 

3.5 (1.9–4.6)

 

 2018

9.1 (8.8–9.4)

 

50.9 (50.1–51.8)

 

28.1 (27.6–28.7)

 

25.3 (24.7–26.0)

 

3.9 (2.3–5.0)

 

 2019

9.7 (9.4–10.0)

 

50.8 (49.9–51.5)

 

28.6 (28.0–29.2)

 

25.6 (24.9–26.2)

 

4.3 (2.7–5.4)

 

 2020

9.8 (9.5–10.2)

 

50.6 (49.7–51.4)

 

27.3 (26.7–27.8)

 

25.7 (25.0–26.3)

 

4.1 (2.4–5.2)

 

Season (quarter)

 

0.009

 

< 0.001

 

0.001

 

< 0.001

 

0.031

 1

8.6 (6.3–10.8)

 

52.6 (51.6–53.6)

 

28.6 (27.3–29.4)

 

26.4 (26.2–26.6)

 

4.6 (3.3–6.4)

 

 2

8.4 (6.2–10.8)

 

52.0 (51.0–53.0)

 

28.5 (27.1–29.3)

 

26.2 (26.0–26.5)

 

4.6 (3.3–6.4)

 

 3

8.3 (6.0–10.7)

 

51.0 (49.9–52.0)

 

27.6 (26.2–28.5)

 

25.1 (24.9–25.4)

 

4.3 (3.0–6.1)

 

 4

8.7 (6.5–11.0)

 

51.5 (50.5–52.5)

 

27.9 (26.5–28.6)

 

25.5 (25.2–25.7)

 

4.4 (3.0–6.2)

 

Census region

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

0.044

 East North Central

5.7 (3.1–8.2)

 

47.4 (45.6–49.2)

 

24.5 (22.5–25.6)

 

20.8 (19.9–21.6)

 

3.9 (2.6–5.9)

 

 East South Central

9.8 (7.2–12.3)

 

59.1 (57.2–60.9)

 

33.1 (31.2–34.3)

 

32.2 (31.3–33.0)

 

5.4 (3.9–7.2)

 

 Middle Atlantic

8.4 (5.8–10.9)

 

51.1 (49.4–52.9)

 

25.4 (23.5–26.5)

 

24.1 (23.2–24.9)

 

4.5 (3.1–6.4)

 

 Mountain

5.1 (2.6–7.6)

 

48.4 (46.7–50.2)

 

23.7 (21.9–24.9)

 

20.3 (19.4–21.1)

 

3.8 (2.4–5.6)

 

 New England

11.8 (10.3–13.4)

 

61.5 (60.1–62.8)

 

26.4 (25.1–27.7)

 

21.3 (20.5–22.0)

 

2.7 (2.1–3.5)

 

 Pacific

10.8 (8.3–13.4)

 

49.8 (48.0–51.5)

 

27.7 (25.8–28.9)

 

24.5 (23.6–25.2)

 

4.2 (2.8–6.2)

 

 South Atlantic

7.6 (5.1–10.2)

 

47.4 (45.7–49.2)

 

27.7 (25.8–28.8)

 

26.6 (25.7–27.4)

 

4.6 (3.3–6.5)

 

 West North Central

11.6 (10.1–13.2)

 

46.1 (44.8–47.4)

 

26.2 (24.8–27.5)

 

26.6 (25.7–27.3)

 

2.8 (2.1–4.8)

 

 West South Central

9.2 (6.6–11.7)

 

53.2 (51.4–55.0)

 

30.6 (28.7–31.8)

 

26.5 (25.6–27.3)

 

4.4 (3.0–6.4)

 
  1. CI confidence interval, ESBL extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing phenotype, Est estimated, NS not susceptible