From: Epidemiological and clinical risk factors related to severe COVID-19 in Iran: a multi-center study
Clinical characteristics at admission* | Total | Severe | OR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%)** | ||
Temperature | Â | Â | Â |
 Less/equal 37.5 | 257 (63) | 88 (34.2) | 1 |
 37.5–38.5 | 107 (26.2) | 38 (35.5) | 1.06 (0.66,1.70)NS |
 More than 38.5 | 44 (10.8) | 17 (38.6) | 1.21 (0.62,2.34) NS |
Shiver | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 294 (71) | 106 (36.1) | 1 |
 Yes | 119 (29) | 39 (32.8) | 0.86 (0.55,1.36) NS |
Fever | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 320 (77.5) | 112 (35.0) | 1 |
 Yes | 93 (22.5) | 33 (35.5) | 0.85 (0.35,1.73) NS |
Cough | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 119 (28.8) | 54 (45.4) | 1 |
 Yes | 294 (71.2) | 91 (31.0) | 0.54 (0.35,0.84)* |
Shortness of breath | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 160 (38.7) | 42 (26.3) | 1 |
 Yes | 253 (61.2) | 103 (40.7) | 1.93 (1.25,2.97)* |
General weakness | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 348 (84.22) | 117 (33.6) | 1 |
 Yes | 65 (15.8) | 28 (43.1) | 1.49 (0.87,2.56) NS |
Bruising | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 296 (71.6) | 113 (38.2) | 1 |
 Yes | 117 (28.4) | 32 (27.4) | 0.61 (0.38,1.08) |
Sore throat | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 388 (93.9) | 140 (36.1) | 1 |
 Yes | 25 (6.1) | 5 (20.0) | 0.44 (0.16,1.21) NS |
Diarrhea | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 392 (95) | 142 (36.2) | 1 |
 Yes | 21 (5) | 3 (14.3) | 0.29 (0.09,1.01) NS |
Nausea | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 345 (83.5) | 123 (35.7) | 1 |
 Yes | 68 (16.5) | 22 (32.4) | 0.86 (0.50,1.50) NS |
Headache | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 344 (83.3) | 126 (36.6) | 1 |
 Yes | 69 (16.7) | 19 (27.5) | 0.66 (0.37,1.16)NS |
Chest pain | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 401 (97) | 141 (35.2) | 1 |
 Yes | 12 (3) | 4 (33.3) | 0.92 (0.27,3.12) NS |
Abdominal pain | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 403 (97.5) | 137 (34.0) | 1 |
 Yes | 10 (2.5) | 8 (80.0) | 7.77 (1.63,37.08)* |
Joint pain | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 393 (95.1) | 141 (35.9) | 1 |
 Yes | 20 (4.9) | 4 (20.0) | 0.45 (0.15,1.36) NS |
Tachypnea | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 408 (98.8) | 141 (34.6) | 1 |
 Yes | 5 (1.2) | 4 (80.0) | 7.57 (0.84,68.41) NS |
Abnormal lung sounds | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 369 (89.3) | 129 (35.0) | 1 |
 Yes | 44 (10.7) | 16 (36.4) | 1.06 (0.56,2.04) NS |
Abnormal CT | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 23 (5.5) | 6 (26.1) | 1 |
 Yes | 390 (94.5) | 139 (35.6) | 1.57 (0.61,4.07) NS |
Seizure | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 410 (99.2) | 143 (34.9) | 1 |
 Yes | 3 (0.8) | 2 (66.7) | 3.73 (0.34,41.54) NS |
Lack of appetite | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 361 (87.4) | 120 (33.2) | 1 |
 Yes | 52 (12.6) | 25 (48.1) | 1.86 (1.04,3.34)* |
Dizziness | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 395 (95.6) | 140 (35.4) | 1 |
 Yes | 18 (4.4) | 5 (27.8) | 0.70 (0.24,2.01) NS |
Loss of consciousness | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 386 (93.4) | 122 (31.6) | 1 |
 Yes | 27 (6.6) | 23 (85.2) | 12.44 (4.21,36.76)* |
Complications created during treatment* | Total | Severe | OR (95% CI) |
N (%) | N (%) | ||
Sepsis | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 387 (93.6) | 121 (31.3) | 1 |
 Yes | 26 (6.4) | 24 (92.3) | 26.38 (6.14,113.41)* |
Respiratory failure | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 378 (91.5) | 112 (29.6) | 1 |
 Yes | 35 (8.5) | 33 (94.3) | 39.19 (9.24,166.10)* |
Coagulopathy | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 409 (99) | 142 (34.7) | 1 |
 Yes | 4 (1) | 3 (75.0) | 5.64 (0.58,54.73)NS |
Acute respiratory distress syndrome | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 397 (96.1) | 130 (32.7) | 1 |
 Yes | 16 (3.9) | 15 (93.8) | 30.81 (4.03,235.76)* |
Heart failure | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 403 (97.5) | 136 (33.7) | 1 |
 Yes | 10 (2.5) | 9 (90.0) | 24.2 (3.33,249.09)* |
Acute heart injury | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 406 (98.3) | 139 (34.2) | 1 |
 Yes | 7 (1.7) | 6 (85.7) | 11.52 (1.37,96.68)* |
Acute kidney injury | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 393 (95.1) | 128 (32.6) | 1 |
 Yes | 20 (4.9) | 17 (85.0) | 11.73 (3.38,40.76)* |
Acute liver injury | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 410 (99.2) | 143 (34.9) | 1 |
 Yes | 3 (0.8) | 2 (66.7) | 3.73 (0.34,41.54)* |
Acidosis | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 406 (98.3) | 139 (34.2) | 1 |
 Yes | 7 (1.7) | 6 (85.7) | 11.52 (1.37,96.68)* |