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Table 2 Clinical characteristics and signs of severe COVID-19 patients in the southeast of Iran

From: Epidemiological and clinical risk factors related to severe COVID-19 in Iran: a multi-center study

Clinical characteristics at admission*

Total

Severe

OR (95% CI)

N (%)

N (%)**

Temperature

   

 Less/equal 37.5

257 (63)

88 (34.2)

1

 37.5–38.5

107 (26.2)

38 (35.5)

1.06 (0.66,1.70)NS

 More than 38.5

44 (10.8)

17 (38.6)

1.21 (0.62,2.34) NS

Shiver

   

 No

294 (71)

106 (36.1)

1

 Yes

119 (29)

39 (32.8)

0.86 (0.55,1.36) NS

Fever

   

 No

320 (77.5)

112 (35.0)

1

 Yes

93 (22.5)

33 (35.5)

0.85 (0.35,1.73) NS

Cough

   

 No

119 (28.8)

54 (45.4)

1

 Yes

294 (71.2)

91 (31.0)

0.54 (0.35,0.84)*

Shortness of breath

   

 No

160 (38.7)

42 (26.3)

1

 Yes

253 (61.2)

103 (40.7)

1.93 (1.25,2.97)*

General weakness

   

 No

348 (84.22)

117 (33.6)

1

 Yes

65 (15.8)

28 (43.1)

1.49 (0.87,2.56) NS

Bruising

   

 No

296 (71.6)

113 (38.2)

1

 Yes

117 (28.4)

32 (27.4)

0.61 (0.38,1.08)

Sore throat

   

 No

388 (93.9)

140 (36.1)

1

 Yes

25 (6.1)

5 (20.0)

0.44 (0.16,1.21) NS

Diarrhea

   

 No

392 (95)

142 (36.2)

1

 Yes

21 (5)

3 (14.3)

0.29 (0.09,1.01) NS

Nausea

   

 No

345 (83.5)

123 (35.7)

1

 Yes

68 (16.5)

22 (32.4)

0.86 (0.50,1.50) NS

Headache

   

 No

344 (83.3)

126 (36.6)

1

 Yes

69 (16.7)

19 (27.5)

0.66 (0.37,1.16)NS

Chest pain

   

 No

401 (97)

141 (35.2)

1

 Yes

12 (3)

4 (33.3)

0.92 (0.27,3.12) NS

Abdominal pain

   

 No

403 (97.5)

137 (34.0)

1

 Yes

10 (2.5)

8 (80.0)

7.77 (1.63,37.08)*

Joint pain

   

 No

393 (95.1)

141 (35.9)

1

 Yes

20 (4.9)

4 (20.0)

0.45 (0.15,1.36) NS

Tachypnea

   

 No

408 (98.8)

141 (34.6)

1

 Yes

5 (1.2)

4 (80.0)

7.57 (0.84,68.41) NS

Abnormal lung sounds

   

 No

369 (89.3)

129 (35.0)

1

 Yes

44 (10.7)

16 (36.4)

1.06 (0.56,2.04) NS

Abnormal CT

   

 No

23 (5.5)

6 (26.1)

1

 Yes

390 (94.5)

139 (35.6)

1.57 (0.61,4.07) NS

Seizure

   

 No

410 (99.2)

143 (34.9)

1

 Yes

3 (0.8)

2 (66.7)

3.73 (0.34,41.54) NS

Lack of appetite

   

 No

361 (87.4)

120 (33.2)

1

 Yes

52 (12.6)

25 (48.1)

1.86 (1.04,3.34)*

Dizziness

   

 No

395 (95.6)

140 (35.4)

1

 Yes

18 (4.4)

5 (27.8)

0.70 (0.24,2.01) NS

Loss of consciousness

   

 No

386 (93.4)

122 (31.6)

1

 Yes

27 (6.6)

23 (85.2)

12.44 (4.21,36.76)*

Complications created during treatment*

Total

Severe

OR (95% CI)

N (%)

N (%)

Sepsis

   

 No

387 (93.6)

121 (31.3)

1

 Yes

26 (6.4)

24 (92.3)

26.38 (6.14,113.41)*

Respiratory failure

   

 No

378 (91.5)

112 (29.6)

1

 Yes

35 (8.5)

33 (94.3)

39.19 (9.24,166.10)*

Coagulopathy

   

 No

409 (99)

142 (34.7)

1

 Yes

4 (1)

3 (75.0)

5.64 (0.58,54.73)NS

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

   

 No

397 (96.1)

130 (32.7)

1

 Yes

16 (3.9)

15 (93.8)

30.81 (4.03,235.76)*

Heart failure

   

 No

403 (97.5)

136 (33.7)

1

 Yes

10 (2.5)

9 (90.0)

24.2 (3.33,249.09)*

Acute heart injury

   

 No

406 (98.3)

139 (34.2)

1

 Yes

7 (1.7)

6 (85.7)

11.52 (1.37,96.68)*

Acute kidney injury

   

 No

393 (95.1)

128 (32.6)

1

 Yes

20 (4.9)

17 (85.0)

11.73 (3.38,40.76)*

Acute liver injury

   

 No

410 (99.2)

143 (34.9)

1

 Yes

3 (0.8)

2 (66.7)

3.73 (0.34,41.54)*

Acidosis

   

 No

406 (98.3)

139 (34.2)

1

 Yes

7 (1.7)

6 (85.7)

11.52 (1.37,96.68)*

  1. NS not significant
  2. *Significant at the level of P < 0.05
  3. **Percentage calculated by row