Table 3 Clinical outcomes and medical costs of community-acquired acute pyelonephritis according to the appropriateness of antibiotic use: after propensity-score matching
A. Empirical and definitive therapy | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Empirical therapy | Definitive therapy | Empirical & definitive therapy | ||||||
Appropriate (n = 28) | Inappropriatea (n = 14) | P | Appropriate (n = 138) | Inappropriatea (n = 69) | P | Appropriate (n = 162) | Inappropriatea (n = 81) | P | |
Clinical failure (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (7.1) | 0.333 | 0 (0) | 2 (2.9) | 0.110 | 0 (0) | 2 (2.5) | 0.110 |
 Mortality | 0 (0) | 1 (7.1) | 0.333 | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | 0.333 | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | 0.333 |
 Recurrence | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | 0.333 | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | 0.333 |
Hospitalization days, median (IQR) | 9 (7–12) | 11 (7.75–16.25) | 0.113 | 8 (7–11) | 10 (8–16) | 0.001 | 8 (6.75–11) | 8 (11–16) |  < 0.001 |
Medical costs, USD, median (IQR) | 2619.3 (1916.8–4006.1) | 3477.2 (2341.0–6072.9) | 0.133 | 2381.9 (1758.8–3416.8) | 3235.9 (2038.2–4785.6) | 0.002 | 2373.6 (1726.3–3444.7) | 3190.8 (2101.2–4837.1) |  < 0.001 |
B. Intravenous to oral antibiotic switch and duration of antibiotic therapy | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Intravenous to oral antibiotic switch | Duration of antibiotic therapy | ||||
Appropriate (n = 43) | Inappropriatea (n = 43) | P | Appropriate (n = 188) | Inappropriatea (n = 188) | P | |
Clinical failure (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.7) | 0.494 | 3 (1.6) | 3 (1.6) | 1.000 |
 Mortality | NA | NA | NA | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
 Recurrence | 0 (0) | 2 (4.7) | 0.494 | 2 (1.1) | 3 (1.6) | 1.000 |
Hospitalization days, median (IQR) | 7 (7–8) | 10 (9–13) |  < 0.001 | 7 (6–10) | 10 (8–14.75) |  < 0.001 |
Medical costs, USD, median (IQR) | 2222.3 (1693.2–2960.8) | 3021.7 (2365.5– 3513.5) | 0.005 | 2016.9 (1632.8–2814.1) | 2804.3 (2074.7–4092.4) |  < 0.001 |