Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients with community-acquired acute pyelonephritis
|  | Total (n = 397) |
|---|---|
Demographic data | |
 Age (years), mean ± SD | 57.63 ± 18.78 |
 Female sex (%) | 369 (92.9) |
Underlying co-morbidities | |
 Charlson’s comorbidity index, mean ± SD | 0.91 ± 1.33 |
  Diabetes mellitus (%) | 121 (30.5) |
  Cerebrovascular accident (%) | 33 (8.3) |
  Malignancy (%) | 27 (6.8) |
  Renal disease (%) | 27 (6.8) |
  Dementia (%) | 18 (4.5) |
 Bedridden state (%) | 9 (2.3) |
 Any structural problems on urinary tract (%) | 18 (4.5) |
Past history | |
 History of admission during 1 year prior to inclusion (%) | 87 (21.9) |
 History of antibiotic usage during 1 year prior to inclusion (%) | 110 (27.7) |
 History of urinary tract infection during 1 year prior to inclusion (%) | 38 (9.6) |
Clinical characteristics | |
 Pitt’s score, mean ± SD | 0.65 ± 0.87 |
 Hematuria (%) | 207 (52.1) |
 Azotemia (%) | 110 (27.7) |
 Bacteremia (%) | 176/393 (44.8) |
Causative organisms (%) | |
 Escherichia coli | 286/322 (88.8) |
 Klebsiella spp. | 14/322 (4.3) |
 Enterobacter spp. | 4/322 (1.2) |
 Proteus spp. | 3/322 (0.9) |
 Enterococcus spp. | 3/322 (0.9) |
 Pseudomonas spp. | 3/322 (0.9) |
 Citrobacter spp. | 2/322 (0.6) |
 Others | 7/322 (2.2) |
Antimicrobial therapy | |
 Initial antimicrobial regimen (%) |  |
  3rd generation or 4th generation cephalosporin | 259 (65.2) |
  Fluoroquinolone | 74 (18.6) |
  Beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor | 36 (9.1) |
  Carbapenem | 21 (5.3) |
  Discordant to the antimicrobial susceptibility of causative organism | 75/318 (23.6) |
  Per oral antibiotics | 0 (0) |
Duration of total antibiotics, days, median (IQR) | 9 (7–12) |
Surgical procedures as a treatment of acute pyelonephritis (%) | 42 (10.6) |