Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the Maduo study, Gaborone, Botswana, 2019–2022

Criteria assessed during vitals collection

 Age ≥ 15 years

Unable to give informed consent

 Pregnant

 First antenatal care visit

 Intention to reside in Gaborone through postnatal care

Criteria assessed after being seen by healthcare provider

 27 weeks, 0 days of gestation or less (confirmed by checking patient-held obstetric record or using a gestational wheel if absent from obstetric record)

 Not treated for an STI in the last 30 days (including recruitment date)

 Willingness to self-collect vaginal specimens for Chlamydia trachomatis/Neisseria gonorrhoeae testing

 Willingness to have an ocular and nasopharyngeal specimen collected from newborn for Chlamydia trachomatis/Neisseria gonorrhoeae testing