No co-infection (n = 1197) | Co-infection (n = 46) | OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI)a | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | ||||
Male sex, n (%) | 776 (65) | 29 (63) | 0.93 (0.51–1.74) | – |
Age, median (IQR), years | 62 (52–73) | 70 (51–78) | – | – |
≥ 65, n (%) | 493 (41) | 27 (59) | 2.03 (1.12–3.74) | – |
CCI, median (IQR), points | 1 (0–2) | 1 (1–3) | – | – |
0–1, n (%) | 843 (70) | 28 (61) | Ref | – |
2–4, n (%) | 281 (23) | 10 (22) | 1.07 (0.49–2.16) | – |
≥ 5, n (%) | 73 (6) | 8 (17) | 3.30 (1.36–7.19) | – |
Specific comorbidities | ||||
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 323 (27) | 15 (33) | 1.31 (0.68–2.42) | – |
Hypertension, n (%) | 539 (45) | 26 (57) | 1.59 (0.88–2.91) | – |
Chronic cardiac disease, n (%) | 351 (29) | 24 (52) | 2.63 (1.45–4.78) | – |
Chronic respiratory disease, n (%) | 422 (35) | 22 (48) | 1.68 (0.93–3.04) | – |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 80 (7) | 6 (13) | 2.09 (0.78–4.74) | – |
Malignancy, n (%) | 103 (9) | 7 (15) | 1.91 (0.76–4.12) | – |
Immunosuppression, n (%) | 179 (15) | 13 (28) | 2.24 (1.12–4.24) | – |
Any of the comorbidities above, n (%) | 868 (73) | 43 (93) | 5.44 (1.96–22.52) | – |
Severity scores | ||||
CRB-65, median (IQR), points | 1 (0–2) | 1 (1–2) | – | – |
3–4 | 111 (9) | 10 (22) | 2.72 (1.25–5.43) | – |
Admission values | ||||
CRP, median (IQR), mg/Lb | 97 (50–167) | 121 (93–173) | – | – |
< 50 | 289 (24) | 3 (7) | Ref | Ref |
50–149 | 574 (46) | 28 (61) | 4.93 (1.73–20.74) | 4.82 (1.68–20.34) |
≥ 150 | 360 (30) | 15 (33) | 4.01 (1.31–17.45) | 3.92 (1.27–17.11) |
WBC, median (IQR), 109 cells/Lc | 6.9 (5.2–9.4) | 9.6 (7.1–13.4) | – | – |
≤ 8.8 | 851 (71) | 22 (48) | Ref | Ref |
8.9–12.0 | 213 (18) | 8 (17) | 1.45 (0.60–3.18) | 1.34 (0.55–2.97) |
> 12.0 | 132 (11) | 16 (35) | 4.69 (2.36–9.11) | 4.27 (2.12–8.42) |
Procalcitonin, median (IQR), μg/Ld | 0.17 (0.10–0.40) | 0.89 (0.15–6.50) | – | – |
< 0.50 | 819 (79) | 19 (46) | Ref | Ref |
0.50–1.99 | 156 (15) | 9 (22) | 2.49 (1.05–5.45) | 2.28 (0.96–5.06) |
≥ 2.00 | 61 (6) | 13 (32) | 9.19 (4.25–19.36) | 8.01 (3.46–18.06) |
NLR, median (IQR), ratioe | 4.7 (2.9–8.1) | 6.6 (4.4–10.5) | – | – |
≤ 10.0 | 893 (84) | 28 (68) | Ref | Ref |
10.1–20.0 | 146 (14) | 8 (20) | 1.75 (0.73–3.74) | 1.49 (0.61–3.25) |
> 20.0 | 29 (3) | 5 (12) | 5.50 (1.77–14.22) | 4.90 (1.53–13.15) |