Table 3 Antibiotic resistance rates (% of isolates intermediate or resistant to the antibiotic listed) of Gram-negative bacterial isolates (only species for which n > 30) and proportion of isolates showing specific antibiotic resistance patterns and mechanisms
Antibiotic | Enterobacter cloacae n = 44 | Escherichia coli n = 49* | Klebsiella pneumoniae n = 58* | Salmonella Typhi n = 53* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Antibiotic susceptibility rates (% susceptible) | ||||
Ampicillin | – | 73.5% | – | 30.2% |
Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid | – | 41.7% | 81.0% | – |
Piperacillin-tazobactam | 16.3% | 18.7% | 25.9% | – |
Cefuroxime | 72.7% | 40.8% | 79.3% | – |
Ceftriaxone | 70.5% | 12.8% | 77.6% | 0% |
Temocillin | 7.0% | 11.0% | 0% | – |
Meropenem | 4.5% | 4.1% | 0% | 0% |
Ciprofloxacin | 75.0% | 35.4% | 70.7% | 24.5% |
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 76.7% | 36.7% | 15.5% | 39.6% |
Gentamicin | 68.2% | 24.5% | 74.1% | 0% |
Amikacin | 2.3% | 0% | 3.4% | – |
Chloramphenicol | 65.9% | 24.5% | 37.9% | 39.6% |
Azithromycin | – | – | – | 0% |
Antibiotic resistance mechanisms and patterns | ||||
ESBL | 68.2% | 28.6% | 79.3% | 0% |
Carbapenemase | 4.5% | 4.1% | 0% | 0% |
Combined resistance carbapenems–fluoroquinolones | 2.3% | 2.0% | 0% | 0% |
MDR** | 79.5% | 69.4% | 87.9% | 39.6% |
XDR** | 22.7% | 8.2% | 32.8% | 0% |
PDR** | 2.3% | 2.0% | 0% | 0% |
DCS** | – | – | – | 24.5% |