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Table 2 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for the factors associated with persistent symptoms or signs after 12 months of recovery from COVID-19

From: Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome in patients after 12 months from COVID-19 infection in Korea

Persistent symptoms or signs

Factors

Univariate OR

Multivariate OR

95% CI

P value

95% CI

P value

Fatigue

 ≥ Moderate severity

2.33 (0.98–5.24)

0.045

2.02 (0.82–4.72)

0.114

 ≥ 50 years old

2.17 (1.06–4.40)

0.031

2.00 (0.94–4.18)

0.066

Female sex

2.01 (0.91–4.91)

0.099

2.22 (0.99–5.53)

0.066

Anxiety

 ≥ Moderate severity

2.78 (1.20–6.19)

0.014

2.89 (1.24–6.49)

0.011

 ≥ 50 years old

1.10 (0.51–2.28)

0.796

–

–

Female sex

1.69 (0.79–3.97)

0.198

1.78 (0.82–4.24)

0.163

Depression

 ≥ Moderate severity

1.13 (0.43–2.67)

0.786

–

–

 ≥ 50 years old

1.22 (0.59–2.45)

0.576

–

–

Female sex

2.34 (1.08–5.68)

0.043

2.34 (1.08–5.68)

0.043

Insomnia

 ≥ Moderate severity

1.74 (0.65–4.21)

0.242

–

–

 ≥ 50 years old

1.33 (0.59–2.88)

0.477

–

–

Female sex

2.84 (1.13–8.65)

0.040

2.84 (1.13–8.65)

0.040

Concentration difficulty

 ≥ Moderate severity

2.76 (1.03–4.79)

0.036

2.06 (0.91–4.52)

0.076

 ≥ 50 years old

1.79 (0.94–3.38)

0.073

1.63 (0.83–3.17)

0.150

Female sex

1.86 (0.94–3.93)

0.085

2.01 (1.00–4.31)

0.058

Cognitive dysfunction

 ≥ Moderate severity

1.81 (0.80–3.92)

0.139

1.51 (0.64–3.41)

0.328

 ≥ 50 years old

2.24 (1.17–4.27)

0.014

2.19 (1.11–4.29)

0.022

Female sex

1.94 (0.96–4.19)

0.077

2.11 (1.03–4.64)

0.051

Amnesia

 ≥ Moderate severity

1.42 (0.59–3.16)

0.409

–

–

 ≥ 50 years old

2.04 (1.05–3.94)

0.033

2.20 (1.12–4.32)

0.021

Female sex

2.78 (1.29–6.71)

0.014

2.97 (1.36–7.24)

0.010

Anosmia

 ≥ Moderate severity

0.39 (0.02–2.04)

0.370

–

–

 ≥ 50 years old

2.26 (0.76–6.56)

0.129

2.26 (0.76–6.56)

0.129

Female sex

1.31 (0.43–4.86)

0.651

–

–

Ageusia

 ≥ Moderate severity

0.81 (0.04–4.74)

0.844

–

–

 ≥ 50 years old

4.31 (1.03–21.49)

0.050

4.31 (1.03–21.49)

0.050

Female sex

0.46 (0.11–1.98)

0.276

–

–

  1. OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval