Mortality among Italians and immigrants with COVID-19 hospitalised in Milan, Italy: data from the Luigi Sacco Hospital registry

Table 2 Characteristics of non-Italian patients with COVID-19 by origin

	Latin Americans n = 99	Asians n = 72	Africans n = 50	Central/eastern Europeans n = 37	p-value
Median age [IQR]	50 [42, 58]	51 [36, 59]	53 [41, 63]	54 [46, 63]	0.128
Biological sex
Female, n (%)	37 (37)	17 (24)	13 (26)	19 (51)	0.015
Male, n (%)	62 (63)	55 (76)	37 (74)	18 (49)
Co-morbidities
Obesity^a, n (%)	31 (31)	10 (14)	10 (20)	9 (24)	0.059
Diabetes, n (%)	11 (11)	9 (12)	8 (16)	4 (11)	0.841
Lung diseases, n (%)	13 (13)	6 (8)	8 (16)	2 (5)	0.339
Heart diseases, n (%)	20 (20)	24 (33)	19 (38)	13 (35)	0.074
Renal diseases, n (%)	8 (8)	9 (12)	3 (6)	2 (5)	0.502
Oncological diseases,n (%)	8 (8)	5 (7)	2 (4)	2 (5)	0.801
Immune system diseases, n (%)	10 (10)	1 (1)	4 (8)	4 (11)	0.137
Liver diseases, n (%)	6 (6)	3 (4)	2 (4)	2 (5)	0.929
Number of co-morbidities
0	46 (46)	34 (47)	22 (44)	17 (46)	0.992
1	26 (26)	19 (26)	14 (28)	9 (24)
2	16 (16)	10 (14)	7 (14)	8 (22)
3 +	11 (11)	9 (12)	7 (14)	3 (8)
Median number of days from symptom onset [IQR]	7 [4, 10]	6 [2, 8]	4 [2, 8]	5 [3, 7]	0.015
Disease severity upon hospital admission^b
Mild	5 (5)	10 (14)	9 (18)	7 (19)	0.011
Moderate	39 (39)	33 (46)	27 (54)	14 (38)
Severe	30 (30)	8 (11)	7 (14)	9 (24)
Critical	25 (25)	21 (29)	7 (14)	7 (19)

IQR Inter Quartile Range
^aObesity defined as a body mass index of 30 [17]
^bWHO disease severity classification [18]: mild = mild clinical symptoms, no imaging signs of pneumonia; moderate = fever, cough, dyspnoea or other symptoms, imaging signs of pneumonia; severe = any of respiratory distress with a respiratory rate (RR) of ≥ 30 breaths per minute; resting oxygen saturation in air ≤ 93%; PaO₂ / FiO₂ ≤ 300 mmHg); critical = any of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation; shock; any other organ failure needing intensive care

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