Skip to main content

Table 3 Effects of maternal vitamin D supplementation of varying doses on infant nasal pneumococcal carriage dynamics

From: Effect of maternal vitamin D supplementation on nasal pneumococcal acquisition, carriage dynamics and carriage density in infants in Dhaka, Bangladesh

 

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Group E

Overall

Supplementation (prenatal/postpartum)

0/0

4200; 0

16,800; 0

28,000; 0

28,000; 28,000

–

N (infants/swabs)

206/737

218/761

208/798

216/781

212/715

–

Probability of positive status at day 189, % (95% CI)A,C

74 (69, 78)

72 (67, 77)

76 (72, 80)

76 (72, 80)

77 (73, 82)

75 (73, 77)

Total time spent negative or positive during all carriage episodes, days (95% CI)A,C

      

 Negative

72.0

(64.4, 80.1)

74.7

(67.5, 82.0)

64.3

(57.7, 71.9)

66.8

(59.4, 74.8)

68.5

(61.8, 76.4)

69.0

(65.7, 72.3)

 Positive

117.0

(108.9, 124.6)

114.3

(106.8, 121.6)

124.7

(117.0, 131.3)

122.2

(114.2, 129.6)

120.5

(112.6, 127.2)

120.0

(116.7, 123.3)

Hazard ratio of transitioning between episodes (95% CI)A,B

      

 Negative to positive

REF

0.99

(0.74, 1.33)

1.29

(0.96, 1.74)

1.08

(0.81, 1.46)

0.94

(0.71, 1.26)

–

 Positive to negative

REF

1.09

(0.71, 1.67)

1.16

(0.76, 1.78)

0.94

(0.61, 1.46)

0.76

(0.49, 1.19)

–

Expected time until first positive episode, days (95% CI)A,C

41.3

(32.7, 51.0)

41.8

(34.2, 52.1)

32.1

(25.8, 40.7)

38.1

(29.9, 47.7)

43.8

(35.2, 53.3)

39.0

(35.5, 43.0)

Ratio of negative to positive episodes: positive to negative episodesA,C

2.81

(2.25, 3.71)

2.56

(2.05, 3.14)

3.11

(2.55, 3.91)

3.24

(2.59, 4.21)

3.48

(2.64, 4.07)

3.02

(2.70, 3.34)

  1. AEstimated using interval-censored multi-state modelling
  2. BREF indicates that group A (0;0) was the reference group for other estimates
  3. CEpisode is defined as the status of pneumococcal carriage based on the nasal swab until a new nasal swab is taken and a new status is determined