Seroprevalence of mucosal and cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) types among children and adolescents in the general population in Germany

Table 3 Factors associated with seropositivity for HPV-cut, HPV seroprevalence study (n = 12,257, sera collected 2003–2006) (results from regression analysis)

	Crude PR (95% CI)	p-value	Fully adjusted PR (95% CI)^a	p-value
Gender			ns^b
Female	Ref
Male	1.0 (0.9–1.0)	0.086
Age group (y)
1–3	Ref		Ref
4–6	1.6 (1.3–1.9)	< 0.001	1.6 (1.3–1.9)	< 0.001
7–9	2.6 (2.2–3.1)	< 0.001	2.6 (2.2–3.1)	< 0.001
10–11	3.6 (3.0–4.3)	< 0.001	3.6 (3.0–4.3)	< 0.001
12–13	4.0 (3.3–4.7)	< 0.001	3.9 (3.3–4.7)	< 0.001
14–15	4.0 (3.4–4.7)	< 0.001	4.0 (3.4–4.7)	< 0.001
16–17	4.2 (3.5–5.0)	< 0.001	4.2 (3.5–5.0)	< 0.001
Region of residence
West	Ref		Ref
East	1.0 (0.9–1.0)	0.084	0.9 (0.9–1.0)	< 0.001
Urbanity
Rural	Ref		Ref
Small city	1.0 (0.9–1.0)	0.433	1.0 (0.9–1.0)	0.447
Medium sized city	0.9 (0.8–1.0)	0.006	0.9 (0.9–1.0)	0.042
Large city	0.9 (0.8–0.9)	0.001	0.9 (0.9–1.0)	0.045
Socioeconomic status of parents			ns^b
Low	Ref
Middle	1.0 (1.0–1.1)	0.211
High	1.0 (0.9–1.0)	0.329
Migratory background of parents
None	Ref		Ref
One parent	0.9 (0.8–1.0)	0.018	1.0 (0.9–1.1)	0.896
Both parents	0.9 (0.8–0.9)	< 0.001	0.9 (0.8–0.9)	0.001
Number of household members	1.0 (1.0–1.1)	0.003	ns^b
Number of siblings in household	1.0 (1.0–1.1)	< 0.001	ns^b
BMI	1.1 (1.0–1.1)	< 0.001	ns^b
Breastfeeding			ns^b
Never	Ref
Yes (but not solely)	1.0 (1.0–1.1)	0.345
Yes, full till 4th month	0.9 (0.9–1.0)	0.033
Yes, full till 6th month	0.8 (0.8–0.9)	< 0.001
Sunburn			ns^b
No	Ref
Yes, several times	1.4 (1.2–1.5)	< 0.001
Yes, one time	1.4 (1.3–1.4)	< 0.001
Don't know	1.3 (1.2–1.5)	< 0.001

PR prevalence ratio, CI confidence interval, Ref reference
^aMutually adjusted for all other variables in the model
^bns = variables were not significantly associated with HPV seroprevalence in the final model and therefore excluded

ISSN: 1471-2334