Clinical sign and biomarker-based algorithm to identify bacterial pneumonia among outpatients with lower respiratory tract infection in Tanzania

Table 3 Prognostic accuracy of vital signs and clinical scores alone and in combination with selected biomarkers (those with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve > 0.80) for predicting community-acquired pneumonia with a bacterial pathogen detected among those presenting with a lower respiratory tract infection at outpatient clinics in Tanzania

Model	Clinical parameter	( +) PCT	( +) IL-6	( +) sTREM1
Respiratory rate	0.82 (0.72–0.92)	0.95 (0.91–1.00)**	0.90 (0.81–0.98)*	0.89 (0.83–0.95)
Saturation	0.83 (0.75–0.91)	0.90 (0.81–0.98)	0.89 (0.81–0.96)	0.85 (0.77–0.94)
Systolic blood pressure	0.79 (0.67–0.91)	0.90 (0.82–0.98)**	0.85 (0.73–0.97)	0.86 (0.76–0.96)*
Heart rate	0.79 (0.66–0.92)	0.93 (0.88–0.99)*	0.83 (0.70–0.96)	0.86 (0.76–0.95)
CRB-65	0.76 (0.64–0.88)	0.92 (0.86–0.98)**	0.84 (0.71–0.96)*	0.86 (0.78–0.93)**
Van Vught-score	0.76 (0.66–0.87)	0.91 (0.84–0.98)**	0.85 (0.75–0.96)**	0.86 (0.78–0.94)*
PCT	–	0.88 (0.78–0.98)	0.90 (0.80–0.99)	0.89 (0.79–0.99)
IL-6	–	0.92 (0.83–1.00)	0.84 (0.72–0.96)	0.87 (0.78–0.96)
sTREM1	–	0.89 (0.79–0.99)	0.87 (0.78–0.96)	0.83 (0.74–0.92)

Data are area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve and 95% confidence interval
^*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, comparing the clinical parameter AUROC vs the combined clinical parameter with PCT or IL-6 AUROC

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