| |
All (n = 110)
|
Bacterial CAP (n = 17)
|
Viral CAP (n = 8)
|
CAP of unknown origin (n = 7)
|
Bronchitis (n = 78)
|
p-value
|
|---|
|
Age, years
|
29 (23–39)
|
28 (24–35)
|
31 (29–51)
|
33 (32–64)
|
29 (21–38)
|
0.051
|
|
Female sex
|
58 (53)
|
8 (47)
|
3 (38)
|
2 (29)
|
45 (58)
|
0.338
|
|
HIV-1infection
|
36 (33)
|
13 (76)
|
4 (50)
|
1 (14)
|
18 (23)
|
0.000
|
|
Co-infection
|
22 (20)
|
2 (12)
|
1 (13)
|
1 (14)
|
18 (23)
|
0.658
|
|
- Malaria
|
7 (6.4)
|
1 (5.9)
|
0 (0)
|
0 (0)
|
6 (7.7)
|
0.739
|
|
- Dengue
|
7 (6.4)
|
0 (0)
|
0 (0)
|
0 (0)
|
7 (9.0)
|
0.381
|
|
- Other
|
9 (8.2)a
|
1 (5.9)
|
1 (13)
|
1 (14)
|
6 (7.7)
|
0.875
|
|
Sepsis / septic shockb
|
27 (25)
|
5 (35)
|
1 (13)
|
1 (14)
|
20 (26)
|
0.731
|
|
Symptoms and signs
| |
|
Cough
|
103 (94)
|
17 (100)
|
8 (100)
|
6 (86)
|
72 (92)
|
0.446
|
|
Dyspnoea
|
27 (25)
|
6 (35)
|
1 (13)
|
2 (29)
|
18 (23)
|
0.606
|
|
Chest pain,
|
25 (23)
|
4 (24)
|
3 (38)
|
2 (29)
|
16 (21)
|
0.716
|
|
Respiratory rate, /min
|
25 (23–29)
|
34 (26–37)
|
26 (25–34)
|
24 (23–26)
|
24 (22–26)
|
0.000
|
|
Abnormal auscultation
|
29 (26)
|
8 (47)
|
2 (25)
|
2 (29)
|
17 (22)
|
0.202
|
|
Saturation, %
|
97 (96–98)
|
95 (93–96)
|
96 (94–96)
|
97 (96–98)
|
97 (96–98)
|
0.000
|
|
Systolic BP, mmHg
|
117 (104–123)
|
100 (97–107)
|
119 (109–123)
|
126 (120–132)
|
118 (104–124)
|
0.000
|
|
Heart rate, /min
|
108 (92–120)
|
129 (117–138)
|
115 (104–120)
|
98 (82–108)
|
106 (89–115)
|
0.000
|
|
Pneumonia clinical scores
| |
|
CRB-65 scorec ≥ 2
|
12 (11)
|
5 (29)
|
1 (13)
|
0 (0)
|
6 (7.7)
|
0.053
|
|
Van Vugt-scored, high
|
68 (62)
|
16 (94)
|
6 (75)
|
4 (57)
|
42 (54)
|
0.016
|
|
Management and outcome
| |
|
Admission
|
20 (18)
|
7 (41)
|
2 (25)
|
2 (29)
|
9 (12)
|
0.028
|
|
Antibiotic prescription
|
55 (50)
|
16 (94)
|
7 (88)
|
4 (57)
|
28 (36)
|
0.000
|
|
28-day mortality
|
6 (5.5)
|
2 (12)
|
1 (13)
|
0 (0)
|
3 (3.9)
|
0.411
|
- Bold values indicate a significant difference between the groups
- Data are number (%) of patients or median (interquartile range)
- Bacterial CAP: community-acquired pneumonia with a bacterial aetiology detected; viral CAP: community-acquired pneumonia with a viral aetiology detected. CAP of unknown origin: community-acquired pneumonia without microbiological documentation
- a1 adenovirus gastro-enteritis, 3 urogenital infections, 2 West nile, 1 intraabdominal infection, 2 ricketsioses, 2 gastroenteritis of unknown origin. bSepsis or septic shock defined as a sofa score of ≥ 2 points. cCRB-65 score defined as one point for each of the following: Glasgow Coma Score < 15, respiratory rate ≥ 30/min, systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≤ 60 mmHg, age ≥ 65. dVan Vugt score was defined as one point for each of the following: absence of runny nose, presence of dyspnea, presence of crackles or diminished breath by auscultations, temperature ≥ 37.8 °C or heart rate > 100/min. High score was defined as ≥ 3 points
