Variables | Â | With bacterial growth | P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No growth | Gram-negative | Gram-positive | Gram-negative + Gram-positive | ||
(n = 111) | (n = 155) | (n = 48) | (n = 110) | ||
Age, year, median (range) | 67( 51–75) | 68 (56–77) | 71 (58–80) | 69 (54–77) | 0.433 |
Gender, male, n (%) | 60 (54.1) | 80( 51.6) | 15 (31.3)a,b | 49 (44.5) | 0.039 |
Co-morbidities/past medical history | |||||
 Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 32 (28.8) | 40 (25.8) | 14 (29.2) | 41 (37.3) | 0.245 |
 Chronic pulmonary disease, n (%) | 6 (5.4) | 14 (9.0) | 4 (8.3) | 7 (6.4) | 0.684 |
 History of malignancies, n (%) | 8 (7.2) | 6 (3.9) | 1 (2.0) | 11 (0.1)b | 0.120 |
 Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 15 (13.5) | 17 (11.0) | 10 (20.8) | 19 (17.3) | 0.272 |
 Chronic liver disease, n (%) | 9 (8.1) | 8 (5.2) | 3 (6.3) | 9 (8.2) | 0.732 |
 Chronic renal insufficiency | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.2)b | 5 (4.5)b | 0.028 |
 Neurologic disorder, n (%) | 4 (3.6) | 8 (5.2) | 3 (6.3) | 5 (4.5) | 0.889 |
 Connective tissue disease, n (%) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (2.0) | 3 (2.7) | 0.497 |
History of any biliary procedures | |||||
 Cholecystectomy, n (%) | 17 (15.3) | 36 (23.2) | 14 (29.2) | 34 (30.9)a | 0.041 |
 Biliary stent placement, n (%) | 5 (4.5) | 4 (2.6) | 2 (4.2) | 10 (9.1)b | 0.113 |
 Biliary anastomosis, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.5) | 0.037 |
Etiology of cholangitis | |||||
 Bile duct stones, n (%) | 109 (98.2) | 148 (95.5) | 47 (97.9) | 100 (90.9)a | 0.057 |
 Tumor, n (%) | 2 (1.8) | 6 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (9.1)a | 0.017 |
 Biliary stricture, n (%) | 1 (0.9) | 3 (1.9) | 1 (2.0) | 3 (2.7) | 0.324 |
Recurrence, n (%) | 13 (11.7) | 47 (30.3)a | 12 (25.0)a | 49 (44.5)a,b,c | 0.000 |
Symptoms | |||||
 Fever, n (%) | 49 (44.1) | 86 (55.5) | 22 (45.8) | 69 (62.7)a,c | 0.029 |
 Abdominal pain, n (%) | 106 (95.5) | 142 (91.6) | 48 (100.0)b | 101 (91.8)c | 0.134 |
 Jaundice, n (%) | 81 (73.0) | 110 (71.0) | 31 (64.6) | 86 (78.2) | 0.322 |
ERCP, n (%) | 51 (45.9) | 68 (43.9) | 16 (33.3) | 51 (46.4) | 0.451 |
Surgical operation, n (%) | 60 (54.1) | 87 (56.1) | 32 (66.7) | 59 (53.6) | 0.451 |
Inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (6.5)a | 10 (20.8)a,b | 50 (45.5)a,b,c |  < 0.001 |