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Table 1 The baseline characteristics of acute cholangitis patients with different culture results

From: Clinical characteristics of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infection in acute cholangitis: a retrospective observational study

Variables

 

With bacterial growth

P-value

No growth

Gram-negative

Gram-positive

Gram-negative + Gram-positive

(n = 111)

(n = 155)

(n = 48)

(n = 110)

Age, year, median (range)

67( 51–75)

68 (56–77)

71 (58–80)

69 (54–77)

0.433

Gender, male, n (%)

60 (54.1)

80( 51.6)

15 (31.3)a,b

49 (44.5)

0.039

Co-morbidities/past medical history

 Cardiovascular disease, n (%)

32 (28.8)

40 (25.8)

14 (29.2)

41 (37.3)

0.245

 Chronic pulmonary disease, n (%)

6 (5.4)

14 (9.0)

4 (8.3)

7 (6.4)

0.684

 History of malignancies, n (%)

8 (7.2)

6 (3.9)

1 (2.0)

11 (0.1)b

0.120

 Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

15 (13.5)

17 (11.0)

10 (20.8)

19 (17.3)

0.272

 Chronic liver disease, n (%)

9 (8.1)

8 (5.2)

3 (6.3)

9 (8.2)

0.732

 Chronic renal insufficiency

1 (0.9)

0 (0.0)

2 (4.2)b

5 (4.5)b

0.028

 Neurologic disorder, n (%)

4 (3.6)

8 (5.2)

3 (6.3)

5 (4.5)

0.889

 Connective tissue disease, n (%)

1 (0.9)

1 (0.6)

1 (2.0)

3 (2.7)

0.497

History of any biliary procedures

 Cholecystectomy, n (%)

17 (15.3)

36 (23.2)

14 (29.2)

34 (30.9)a

0.041

 Biliary stent placement, n (%)

5 (4.5)

4 (2.6)

2 (4.2)

10 (9.1)b

0.113

 Biliary anastomosis, n (%)

0 (0.0)

2 (1.3)

0 (0.0)

5 (4.5)

0.037

Etiology of cholangitis

 Bile duct stones, n (%)

109 (98.2)

148 (95.5)

47 (97.9)

100 (90.9)a

0.057

 Tumor, n (%)

2 (1.8)

6 (3.9)

0 (0.0)

10 (9.1)a

0.017

 Biliary stricture, n (%)

1 (0.9)

3 (1.9)

1 (2.0)

3 (2.7)

0.324

Recurrence, n (%)

13 (11.7)

47 (30.3)a

12 (25.0)a

49 (44.5)a,b,c

0.000

Symptoms

 Fever, n (%)

49 (44.1)

86 (55.5)

22 (45.8)

69 (62.7)a,c

0.029

 Abdominal pain, n (%)

106 (95.5)

142 (91.6)

48 (100.0)b

101 (91.8)c

0.134

 Jaundice, n (%)

81 (73.0)

110 (71.0)

31 (64.6)

86 (78.2)

0.322

ERCP, n (%)

51 (45.9)

68 (43.9)

16 (33.3)

51 (46.4)

0.451

Surgical operation, n (%)

60 (54.1)

87 (56.1)

32 (66.7)

59 (53.6)

0.451

Inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy, n (%)

0 (0.0)

10 (6.5)a

10 (20.8)a,b

50 (45.5)a,b,c

 < 0.001

  1. a,b,cUsed to represent the pairwise comparison results between the groups. athere is a difference compared with the No growth group; bthere is a difference compared with the Gram-negative group; cthere is a difference compared with the Gram-positive group; (p < 0.05)
  2. ERCP, Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography