Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients
From: Comparison of mortality risk evaluation tools efficacy in critically ill COVID-19 patients
Variable | All sample, n = 249 | Survivors, n = 146 (58.6%) | Non-survivors, n = 103 (41.4%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Gender | ||||
Female | 92 (36.9) | 52 (35.6) | 40 (38.8) | 0.604 |
Male | 157 (63.1) | 94 (64.4) | 63 (61.2) | |
Age (years) | 61.32 ± 13.30 | 57.74 ± 13.60 | 66.39 ± 11.09 | < 0.001 |
Age groups (% within group) | ||||
< 50 years | 42 (16.9) | 35 (83.3) | 7 (16.7) | |
50–59 years | 75 (30.1) | 48 (64.0) | 27 (36.0) | |
60–69 years | 63 (25.3) | 36 (57.1) | 27 (42.9) | |
70–79 years | 47 (18.9) | 19 (40.4) | 28 (59.6) | |
> 80 years | 22 (8.8) | 8 (36.4) | 14 (63.6) | |
Comorbidities | ||||
Obesity | 72 (28.9) | 43 (29.5) | 29 (28.2) | 0.824 |
Hypertension | 189 (75.9) | 103 (70.5) | 86 (83.5) | 0.019 |
Chronic cardiac disease | 116 (46.6) | 55 (37.7) | 61 (59.2) | 0.001 |
CKD | 87 (34.9) | 38 (26.0) | 49 (47.6) | < 0.001 |
Immunosuppression | 30 (12.0) | 17 (11.6) | 13 (12.6) | 0.815 |
Diabetes | 81 (32.5) | 51 (34.9) | 30 (29.1) | 0.336 |
COPD | 26 (10.4) | 13 (8.9) | 13 (12.6) | 0.345 |
Asthma | 13 (5.2) | 8 (5.5) | 5 (4.9) | 0.827 |
Clinical signs upon admission | ||||
Fever | 36.8 [36.6–37.4] | 36.9 [36.6–37.4] | 36.7 [36.5–37.5] | 0.169 |
MAP | 93.1 ± 16.2 | 94.5 ± 13.0 | 91.2 ± 19.9 | 0.117 |
Heart rate | 84 [72–100] | 81 [72–94] | 88.5 [74–104.75] | 0.043 |
RR | 22 [20–27] | 22 [18–26] | 25 [20–30] | 0.001 |
SpO2 | 91 [86–95] | 93 [89–96] | 88 [82–93] | < 0.001 |
PaO2/FiO2 | 123.6 [70.7–192.0] | 161.5 [80.2–217.8] | 84.0 [59.8–146.0] | < 0.001 |
Mortality risk scores | ||||
SOFA | 3 [2–6] | 3 [2–5] | 5 [3–9] | < 0.001 |
Mortality risk % (SOFA) | 10 [3.8–4.5] | 10 [3.8–10] | 10 [3.3–22.5] | |
SMR (SOFA) | 4.14 | |||
SAPS II | 25 [18–34] | 21 [16–29] | 32 [24–41] | < 0.001 |
Mortality risk % (SAPS II) | 10 [10–10] | 10 [10–10] | 25 [10–25] | |
SMR (SAPS II) | 4.14 | |||
APACHE II | 12 [9–16] | 10 [7–13] | 15 [11–15] | < 0.001 |
Mortality risk % (APACHE II) | 14.6 [9.9–23.5] | 11.3 [7.6–16.5] | 21 [12.9–21] | |
SMR (APACHE II) | 2.84 | |||
4C Mortality | 10 [7–13] | 8 [6–11] | 12 [9–15] | < 0.001 |
Mortality risk % (4C Mortality) | 39.3 [7.7–52.1] | 7.7 [4.5–44.5] | 44.5[39.3–61.5] | |
SMR (4C Mortality) | 1.05 | |||
Clinical course | ||||
MV | 117 (47.0) | 80 (77.7) | 37 (25.3) | < 0.001 |
AKI | 111 (44.6) | 83 (80.6) | 28 (19.2) | < 0.001 |
LOS in ICU | 9 [4–16] | 7 [4–14] | 13 [5–17] | 0.01 |
LOS in hospital | 17 [12–28] | 22 [14–31] | 15 [9.75–20.25] | < 0.001 |